Environment primarily refers to the ecological characteristics of an area but also used to refer social characteristics (quality of life), and economic characteristics (resource management) Policy Principles reflecting the Constitution – do not change – although the Supreme Court’s interpretation doesConstitution Practices/programs embodying those principles – change all the time Environmental policy focuses on problems arising from human impact on the environment with particular emphasis on human health

Congress Agency Courts LAW – PUBLIC POLICY Legislation Regulation Legislative Mandate

Environmental Policy Environmental Policy (Wikipedia) Air Quality Water Quality Waste Management Wildlife – ecosystem, biodiversity, endangered species

Government instruments financial incentives to private sector participants– carrots (tax exemptions, tradable permits) big sticks (taxes, fees, prohibitions & penalties) infrastructure (sewers, roads, airports) public information risk assumption Voluntary measures between private sector and governments bilateral agreements commitments made by firms “independent” of government pressure greener purchasing programs

Legislation – U.S. CodeU.S. Code TITLE 7 – AGRICULTURE TITLE 16 - CONSERVATION TITLE 21 - FOOD AND DRUGS

Legislation – U.S. CodeU.S. Code TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE 22 U.S.C. 274a22 U.S.C. 274a - International Biological Program for the Earth's Ecology 22 U.S.C. 2151p22 U.S.C. 2151p - International Environmental and Natural Resources 22 U.S.C. 2151p-122 U.S.C. 2151p-1 - Tropical Forests 22 U.S.C. 2151q22 U.S.C. 2151q - Endangered Species

Legislation – U.S. CodeU.S. Code 26 U.S.C. Chapter 3826 U.S.C. Chapter 38 - Environmental Taxes

Legislation – U.S. CodeU.S. Code TITLE 33 - NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS 33 U.S.C. Chapter 933 U.S.C. Chapter 9 - Protection of Navigable Waters 33 U.S.C. Chapter 2633 U.S.C. Chapter 26 - Clean Water Act 33 U.S.C. Chapter 2733 U.S.C. Chapter 27 - Ocean Dumping 33 U.S.C. Chapter 3333 U.S.C. Chapter 33 - Prevention from Pollution from Ships 33 U.S.C. Chapter 4033 U.S.C. Chapter 40 - Oil Pollution

Legislation – U.S. CodeU.S. Code TITLE 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE 42 U.S.C. 300g-142 U.S.C. 300g-1 - National Drinking Water Regulations 42 U.S.C. Chapter 23 - Atomic Energy42 U.S.C. Chapter U.S.C. Chapter 55 - National Environmental Policy42 U.S.C. Chapter U.S.C. Chapter 6542 U.S.C. Chapter 65 - Noise Pollution 42 U.S.C. Chapter 73 - Energy Sources42 U.S.C. Chapter U.S.C. Chapter 8242 U.S.C. Chapter 82 - Solid Waste Disposal 42 U.S.C. Chapter 8542 U.S.C. Chapter 85 - Clean Air Act 42 U.S.C. Chapter U.S.C. Chapter Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)

Access to Specific Legislation (Statutes at Large) (Statutes at Large) Laws and Regulations Laws and Regulations (EPA) Environmental Laws Environmental Laws (Senate) Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Law Institute U.S. Law & Policy U.S. Law & Policy (NRDC) Environmental Law: An Overview Environmental Law: An Overview (Legal Information Institute) Environmental LegislationEnvironmental Legislation, daily postings of reports relating to the environment authored by the Congressional Research Service (CQ Roll Call Group)

Code of Federal Regulations All rules in the CFR have been published in the Federal RegisterFederal Register Title 7Title 7 - Agriculture Title 10Title 10 - Energy Title 18Title 18 - Conservation of Power and Water Resources Title 21Title 21 - Food and Drugs Title 33Title 33 - Navigation and Navigable Waters Title 40 Title 40 - Protection of Environment Title 50Title 50 - Wildlife and Fisheries

Environmental Protection Agency EPA A-Z Index Air Asbestos Office of Air and Radiation The Clean Air Act gives EPA the authority to establish policy and promulgate regulations to protect air quality.Clean Air Act Air Toxics Rules and Implementation Clean Air Interstate Rule Clean Air Mercury Rule Dry Cleaning Rule Fuel Economy Calculations New Source Review Permits Operating Permits Program Ozone Depletion Regulations Phaseout of Ozone-Depleting Substances

Council on Environmental Quality The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) coordinates Federal environmental efforts and works closely with agencies and other White House offices in the development of environmental policies and initiatives CEQ was established within the Executive Office of the President by Congress by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) Additional responsibilities were provided by the Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970

Environmental LawEnvironmental Law (Legal Information Institute) The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (Pub. L. 91–190, § 2, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852) along with the Environmental Quality Improvement Act (Pub. L. 91–224, title II, § 202, Apr. 3, 1970, 84 Stat. 114.) the National Environmental Education Act (Pub. L. 101–619, § 2, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3325) 42 USC 4371 et seq The main objective of these federal statutes was to protect the environment against both public and private actions

The Environmental Impact Statement (Wikipedia)The Environmental Impact Statement Environmental Impact Statement Database Environmental Impact Statement Database (EPA) Environmental Impact Statements: Full-Text & Digests Environmental Impact Statements: Full-Text & Digests (ProQuest) Environmental Impact StatementEnvironmental Impact Statement (FHWA) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the Effects of Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic OceanEnvironmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the Effects of Oil and Gas Activities in the Arctic Ocean (NOAA) FutureGen Project Final Environmental Impact StatementFutureGen Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (National Energy Technical Laboratory) Cape Wind Energy Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Cape Wind Energy Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Army Corps) Final Environmental Impact Statement Addendum: Agreement for the Central Corridor Light Rail Transit Project through the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities- Minneapolis CampusFinal Environmental Impact Statement Addendum: Agreement for the Central Corridor Light Rail Transit Project through the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities- Minneapolis Campus (Metropolitan Council, October 2010)

Judicial Opinions Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court: Recent Environmental Law DecisionsRecent Environmental Law Decisions U.S. Supreme Court: Recent Natural Resource DecisionsRecent Natural Resource Decisions

Environmental Nonprofits Natural Resources Defense Council Resources for the Future Environmental Defense Fund Worldwatch Institute American Farmland Trust National Wildlife Federation Izaak Walton League Sierra Club The Wilderness Society Union of Concerned Scientists

Clean Air Clean Air etc.

Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act History of the Clean Air Act The Clean Air Act defines EPA's responsibilities for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer The last major change in the law, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, was enacted by Congress in 1990 The Clean Air Act is incorporated into the United States Code as Title 42, Chapter 85.Title 42, Chapter 85. Clean Air Act Clean Air Act (EPA)

Climate Change Regulatory Initiatives Massachusetts V EPA Massachusetts V EPA 549 U.S. 497 (Cornell University) Supreme Court sends carbon regulation back to the EPASupreme Court sends carbon regulation back to the EPA (ARS Technica) In the majority view, the "EPA’s steadfast refusal to regulate greenhouse gas emissions presents a risk of harm to Massachusetts that is both 'actual' and 'imminent.'“ The EPA's Prudent Response to Massachusetts v. EPAThe EPA's Prudent Response to Massachusetts v. EPA (Heritage Foundation) Massachusetts v. EPA, Ignored: One Year Later, Back to Court We GoMassachusetts v. EPA, Ignored: One Year Later, Back to Court We Go (Warming Law blog)Warming Law blog Clean Air Act Permitting for Greenhouse Gases Clean Air Act Permitting for Greenhouse Gases (EPA)

Clean Energy Initiatives Energy & Environment Energy & Environment (White House June 15, 2010) Department of Energy, Clean Coal & Natural Gas Power Systems Recovery Plan Captures the Energy Opportunity Recovery Plan Captures the Energy Opportunity (Center for American Progress) Clean Energy Group Clean Energy Federalism Clean coal Clean coal (Wikipedia) Clean coal technology Clean coal technology (Wikipedia) American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity Coal is Dirty Excelsior Energy Department of Energy

Other Atmospheric Concerns OzoneOzone and Chlorofluorocarbons Clean Air Act amendments of Title VI Pub. L. 101–549, title VI, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat USC 7671 et seq.Pub. L. 101–549 Acid RainAcid Rain Acid Precipitation Act of Title VII Pub. L , June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 770 (42 U.S.C et seq. MercuryMercury Mercury-Containing and Rechargeable Battery Management Act. Pub. L , May 13, 1996, 110 Stat (42 U.S.C et seq.)Pub. L Indoor Air Quality Carbon Monoxide Radon Radon Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research Act of Title IV, Pub. L , Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat (42 U.S.C note)RadonPub. L U.S.C note Volatile Organic Compounds Second-hand Smoke Asbestos Asbestos School Hazard Detection and Control Act of 1980 Pub. L , June 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 487 (20 U.S.C et seq.)AsbestosPub. L Mold Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil Lead Contamination Control Act of 1988Pub. L , Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat (42 U.S.C. 300j–21 et seq.)Pub. L Clean Air Markets

Other “Air” Issues Visibility Monitoring Visibility Monitoring (NPS) Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality (EPA) Prevention of Significant Deterioration of Air Quality Visibility (EPA) Visibility Scenery Protecting Nature in the National Parks (NPS) Protecting Nature in the National Parks Scenic America Noise EPA Airport Noise Metropolitan Airports Commission Sunlight – access to sunlight Wind – access to wind American Wind Energy Association Odor National and International Odor Policy Facts about Livestock Odor 9 CFR Sexual Odor of Swine 9 CFR

EPA

Endangered Species Endangered Species Act Endangered Species Program Notices of proposed and final listing decisions, critical habitat designations, recovery plans, policies, and other announcements issued by the Endangered Species Program national and regional offices from 1994 onward, can be found in the Fish & Wildlife Service's centralized library of Federal Register noticesFederal Register notices Announcements soliciting public comment on permit applications can be found in the "Notices" section of each yearpermit applications Proposed, reviewed policies, special rules, and listing actions are codified in the Code of Federal Regulations

Endangered Species Act Policies, Guidance, and RegulationsEndangered Species Act Policies, Guidance, and Regulations (NOAA) Species Listed Under the ESA Species Listed Under the ESA (NOAA) 50 CFR CFR 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Endangered Species Act Endangered Species Act (National Wildlife Federation)

Superfund Sites Cleaning up the Nation's Hazardous Wastes Sites Cleaning up the Nation's Hazardous Wastes Sites (EPA) Superfund Sites in Minnesota Superfund Sites in Minnesota (MPCA) St. Regis Paper Company Site New Brighton/Arden Hills Superfund Site (a.k.a.Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant or TCAAP)