Who’s Who Between the World Wars SSWH17: Major Political and Economic Factors that shaped world societies between World War I and World War II

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis—The Interpretation of Dreams (theories of the unconscious mind) Human behavior was determined by repressed experiences/memories Repression—people repress desires and emotions into their subconscious Freudian Slip: An error in speech that is interpreted as occurring due to the interference of some unconscious As a common pun goes, "A Freudian slip is when you mean one thing, but you say your mother."

Albert Einstein Theory of Relativity—if all material things disappear out of the universe, time and space would also disappear—deep! Wrote a letter to American President, FDR encouraging him to develop “extremely powerful bombs of a new type" with hints that the German government might already be doing so

Pablo Picasso Painting: Guernico—portrays German bombing during the Spanish Civil War (1930’s) Stayed in Paris during WWII—continued to paint—he was not able to show his works, because they didn’t fit the Nazi view of Art

The Bolsheviks Faction of Marxism Ultimately became the Communist Party Vladimir Lenin Remember the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Vladimir Lenin Led the Bolshevik Revolution New Economic Policy (NEP) “Comrade Lenin cleanses the earth of Filth” Led the Bolshevik Revolution New Economic Policy (NEP) Makes changes in Russia—land to peasants, factories, etc. Royal Family (Romanovs) murdered in 1916 Organized self governing republics (USSR)

Joseph Stalin Replaced New Economic Policy (Lenin) with Five Year Plans Launching a period of rapid industrialization and economic collectivization The upheaval in the agricultural sector disrupted food production, resulting in widespread famine 6-8 million people died

Benito Mussolini II Duce Fascism/Italy/totalitarianism Black shirts Believe that imperialism is necessary A nation must have a warrior mentality

Adolf Hitler Racial policies/”Aryan Race” Racial Hygiene/Scientific Racism Compulsory/Forced Sterilization (over 400,000 sterilized against their will) Said, “people suffering from hereditary defects cost the German people $$” Ultimately led to the Holocaust Purge Europe of insane, handicapped, mentally retarded, Jewish, etc.

Hirohito Japanese Emperor December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989

Francisco Franco Spanish Civil War Hitler and Mussolini allied with Franco—tested out weapons they would later use in WWII

Sun Yat Sen Father of Modern China Key figure in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in 1911

Mustafa Kemal Attaturk Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, he led the Turkish National Movement He successfully led the liberation movement of the country and to the establishment of Turkey. During his presidency, he embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms he sought to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, democratic, and secular nation-state. Breaks the Islamic Stronghold

Mohandas Gandhi Indian Independence Movement Civil Disobedience Assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu Nationalist