1. World War II Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe
Fascism: gov't ruled by dictator; nation & race above individual; forcible suppression of oppression

2. Mussolini in Italy 1919 – Fascism begins
Benito Mussolini dictator
WWII initiator
Ethiopia invasion
Independent amid European-controlled Africa
Italy takes control
Fascism vs. Democracy - League of Nations ineffective
Cooperated with Hitler/Axis until 1943

3. Another WWII initiator 1 side
Spanish Civil War ( )
Another WWII initiator
1 side
Catholic Church, wealthy, Francisco Franco, Germany (Hitler), Italy (Mussolini)
Other side
Very poor peasants
Republic (w/ USSR and Int'l Brigades – worldwide volunteers)
Authoritarian country formed under Franco

4. Bombing of Guernica 1937, over 3 hours, 25 German bombers
1/3 of pop. killed
Meant to cut off Rep. troops & test Nazi blanket bombing
Picasso painting

5. The Soviet Union Communist Totalitarianism
Joseph Stalin (dictator )
COMMUNISM OVER CAPITALISM : USSR has necessary resources to be self-contained
Collectivization: collect land/businesses/homes, rebuild infrastructure
Industrialization 5-year plans: 250% increase in industrial development -- UNREALISTIC
Great Purge: rid country of non communists, Gulags