2. The Selection of the Cabinet

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2. The Selection of the Cabinet a. Major factors in making appointments 1. Usually own party and people familiar with. 2. Expertise in dept. area 3. geographic balance 4.Satisfy powerful IG

5. High-level admin skills and experience. 6. Race, Gender, ethnicity

3. Role of Cabinet a. As individuals, responsible for Departments they head: supervise thousands, help Congress draft bills, enforce laws. b. As a group, they are advisory body to President.

c. Role reduced since WWII 1. Conflicting Loyalties 2. Internal Disputes 3. Secrecy/Trust

Sec.2A: Executive Office of the President A.EOP provides specialized advice and info to Pres. 1. FDR needed help w/ Depression. Reorganization Act of 1939 creating EOP=a personal staff installed in the White House.

2.EOP has grown greatly since then.

B. 3 oldest agencies in EOP have played greatest role in presidential decision-making. 1. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) a. Prepares National Budget.

2. National Security Council a. Created in 1947 to advise pres. and help coordinate Am military/foreign policy: reaction to Cold War.

a. Domestic Policy Council: Long Range Domestic Policies 3. The National Economic Council a. Formulate economic policy. Assesses health, predicts future and proposes solutions. 4. Other a. Domestic Policy Council: Long Range Domestic Policies b. Office of Environmental Policy c. Office of Science and Technology: Space d. Office of US Trade Representative: NAFTA e. Office of Administration: Day to Day

C. White House Office: Pres. Personal Staff 2.Press Secretary, Appointments Sec., legal staff, legislative liaisons, Chief of Staff

Chief of Staff: Denis McDonough(D)

D. Presidents use different management styles with their staff 1. Pyramid style: Create a hierarchy in terms of access w/ chief of staff as Gatekeeper 2. Circular style: Allows for greater accessibility w/ greater numbers.

E. Executive Privilege: Right of Presidents to refuse to testify before or provide info to Congress or courts. 1. US v. Nixon: not in criminal cases.

Sec.1B:Large/Complex Bureaucracy A.The Federal Bureaucracy: Refers to the work of the government. 1. Departments, agencies, boards, commissions, corporations, advisory committees. 2. Created by Congress, most answer to Pres. 3. Constitution provides for indirectly. 4. Size 2,000 in 1801 to 3 million today.

5. Characteristics: a.hierarchy: order/authority comes from top down b.Elaborate division of labor: specific duties and function c. Official files and written documents. d. Expertise in area: Monopoly of info. e. Full-time occupation: careerists. f. Rules are essential: standardized.

B. Cabinet Departments: 15 Total 1.Department of State: Oldest (1789), advises on F.P., ambassadors negotiate treaties.

State: John Kerry(D)

2. Department of Defense: 1789, (War), advises all military matters. 3.Dept. of Treasury: 1789, advises on financial matters (IRS).

Defense: Chuck Hagel (R)

Treasury: Jack Lew(D)

4.Dept. of Justice: 1870, oversee nation’s legal affairs (FBI).

Justice: Eric Holder (D)

5.Dept. of Interior: 1849, protect public lands/resources (Parks/Wildlife).

Interior: Ken Salazar (D)

6. Dept. of Ag: 1889, help farmers and food safety.

Agriculture: Tom Vilsack (D)

7. Dept. of Commerce: 1903, promote/protect industrial/commercial segments of AM. Economy

Commerce: Rebecca Blank (D)