Reading is pleasant. We have a fondness of reading. He gives attention to reading. I love reading. We learn by reading.

English = -ing Different from “–Ing Participle” because of the way it acts. Gerund acts like a NOUN She is desirous of reading. “–Ing Participle” acts like an ADJECTIVE The woman reading is my aunt. donuts. pretty woman

Gerunds are always: Neuter Singular Active Nominative = Infinitive Reading is pleasant. Legere est iucundum.

All other cases use the same form as the Future Passive Participle. 2 nd PP – RE + ND + endings Genitive = legendī Dative = legendō Accusative = legendum Ablative = legendō of reading to/for reading reading by reading

Reading is pleasant. We have a fondness of reading. He gives attention to reading. I love reading. We learn by reading.

Legere est iucundum. We have a fondness of reading. He gives attention to reading. I love reading. We learn by reading.

Legere est iucundum. Habemus studium legendī. He gives attention to reading. I love reading. We learn by reading.

Legere est iucundum. Habemus studium legendī. Operam dat legendō. I love reading. We learn by reading.

Legere est iucundum. Habemus studium legendī. Operam dat legendō. Amo legendum. We learn by reading.

Legere est iucundum. Habemus studium legendī. Operam dat legendō. Amo legendum. Discimus legendō.

1 st Conjugation NOMamāre GENamandī DATamandō ACC amandum ABLamandō 2 nd Conjugation NOMvidēre GENvidendī DATvidendō ACC videndum ABLvidendō

3 rd Conjugation NOMducere GENducendī DATducendō ACC ducendum ABLducendō 4 th Conjugation NOMaudīre GENaudiendī DATaudiendō ACC audiendum ABLaudiendō

Ad + ACCUSATIVE “for the purpose of…” GENITIVE + causā / gratiā “for the sake of…” He went to the library to read. Ivit ad bibliothecam ad legendum. Ivit ad bibliothecam legendī causā. Ivit ad bibliothecam legendī gratiā.