RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE1

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CONSIDERATION FOR CAPACITY BUILDING, RESEARCH AND POLICY INTERVENTION BY DR (MRS.) G. ELEMO DIRECTOR GENERAL/CEO FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH OSHODI (FIIRO) EKO HOTEL AND SUITES, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 22 ND APRIL, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE3

INTRODUCTION Climate change refers to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE4

INTRODUCTION This is caused primarily by increases in greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE5

INTRODUCTION contd. Nigeria is experiencing adverse climate conditions with negative impacts on the welfare of millions of people. Persistent droughts and flooding, off season rains and dry spells have sent growing seasons out of orbit, on a country dependent on a rain fed agriculture RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE6

INTRODUCTION contd. Alarm bells are ringing with lakes drying up and a reduction in river flow in the arid and semi arid region. The result is fewer water supplies for use in agriculture, hydro power generation and other users. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE7

INTRODUCTION contd. The main suspect for all this havoc is Climate Change RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE8

INTRODUCTION contd. Scientific studies show snows are disappearing rapidly. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE9

INTRODUCTION contd. Climate Change has been confirmed following release of the 4 th IPCC Assessment report. Africa will be worst hit by the effects of Climate Change which Nigeria is part of it. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE10

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE11 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPLICATION

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Evidence of Climate Change in Nigeria The effects of climate change have already been felt in many parts of the country with the modifications of: Intensity and seasonal nature of the rains; Elevation of average annual temperatures; and Increased frequency of widespread, high impact weather phenomena including drought and flooding. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE16

AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA The agricultural sector contributes some percentage of the Nigerian Gross National Product and majority of the rural populace are employed in this sector. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE17

AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA Nigeria is blessed with coastal and wetland areas which have tremendous resources and high economic potentials derivable from the non-oil and oil resource endowments. Nigeria has about 923, 850 km 2 (92.3 million hectares) of which over 20 million ha are water and creeks RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE18

AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA Nigerian agriculture has abundant opportunities for highly profitable economic activities but subject to climatic and other conditions; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE19

AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA Lagos State, noted and endowed with commodities such as leafy and fruit vegetables, coconut, oil palm, cassava, etc. produced largely by small scale farmers. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE20

MAJOR CONSTRAINTS TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Poor Credit Facility Low Level of Extension Services Poor Technology Rain Dependent/Lack of Irrigation facilities Low Level of Infrastructural Facilities Disconnect Between Farmers and Ultimate Consumers, Markets and Marketing Poor Research-Extension-Farmer Linkages RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE21

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE23 Roles of Research and Development

BRIEF HISTORY OF FIIRO In 1953, an International Bank for Reconstruction (now World Bank) mission to Nigeria observed that Industrial development and Industrialization in Nigeria was: Diffuse uncoordinated Thus recommended the establishment of a research Institute Hence, in 1956, the Institute of Applied Research was established at the present site of Federal Palace Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos In 1958, the Institute was renamed Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi (FIIRO) and relocated to the present site RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE 24

VISION To be the foremost centre for science and technology-based Research and Development for the industrialization and socio-economic advancement of the nation. MISSION To conduct and promote market-driven Research and Development for the industrialization and socio economic development of the country. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE 25

FIIRO’S CURRENT AREAS OF FOCUS Research and Development into Food and Agro-allied Process Technologies Research and Development into Pulp and Paper Processing Research and Development into Packaging and Product Design Design and Fabrication of Equipment prototypes RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE 26

CHEMICAL, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT (NON-FOOD TECHNOLOGY) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE27

Conducts research into; Chemical and Agro-allied industrial products and processes New products and process technologies for pulp, paper, packaging, polymer and textiles New process technologies on environmental pollution and pollution abatement/containment devices and products and waste to wealth programme ABOUT CFET DEPARTMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE28

Our R&D activities are strategically designed to build up industrial capacity within Nigeria with focus on import substitution waste conversion and utilization(waste to wealth programme) export diversification job creation economic and revenue diversification This is in line with the Nigeria industrial revolution plan (NIRP) CFET DEPARTMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE29

WASTE TO WEALTH PROGRAMME RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE 30

WASTE TO WEALTH PRODUCTS Fire Logs and Briquette from solid waste Blocks from rice husk Compost from agricultural waste RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE 31

WASTE TO WEALTH PRODUCTS Cashew nutshell liquid Treated and untreated Effluent from textile, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper industry Slaked Lime from carbide sludge Sodium silicate from rice husk Ethanol from cassava peel RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE 32

OTHER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO BOOST FOOD PRODUCTION Development of drought-resistant crops that have been tested for strong yields when subjected to periods of extended water shortage. Improvements in plant nitrogen and water use efficiency and development of cost-efficient nitrogen uptake delivery systems and low-cost, high efficiency irrigation techniques RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE33

OTHER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO BOOST FOOD PRODUCTION Development of global testing sites and data collection and dissemination efforts, using standard data protocols, to assess the performance of existing and new genetic material and management systems in today’s range of agro-climatic conditions Continuous field testing to track climate change, breeding for resistance to new diseases and pests and to address changes in pollinator distribution have been identified as avenues to confront adaptation of crops in the face of climate change. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE34

OTHER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO BOOST FOOD PRODUCTION Development of assessment tools that incorporate the biophysical constraints that affect agricultural productivity and include climate and socioeconomic scenarios, including improved characterization of policy and program environments and options. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE35

SUGGESTIONS Government should improve their financial status towards the solution of findings on this issue. The Nigerian Government and all the stakeholders involves in the global phenomenon needs to increase public awareness, promote research and establish a commission or an agency that will handle issues related to global warming and climate change. The Federal, State and Local Government, International agencies and other development partners are required to funds climate change projects in Nigeria for sustainable solution. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE36

CONCLUSION I want to advocate for a very strong synergy among all the stakeholders here present today including the other break-out sessions, because we need each other for a throughput mitigation to the adverse effects of climate change. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE37

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE38 THANK YOU ALL