Chapter 18

 Imperialism: Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories  Why Imperialism? Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Cultural superiority

 Military Strength Establish a global military presence  Why would this be important?  How does that align with Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy Alfred T. Mahan: Urged creation of modern navy

 New Markets Industrialization created need for new markets and raw materials  Cultural Superiority Social Darwinism Racial Superiority Duty to spread Christianity

 Believed in manifest destiny  Supported the expansion of U.S. into foreign territories  Many believed that American culture was superior

 Opposed the take over of foreign lands  William Jennings Bryan Democratic nominee 1900 Acceptance speech warns of imperialismspeech  What famous speeches does he reference? Why would those help support his claim? Does he believe American culture is superior?

 William Seward was an early supporter of American expansionism  Seward’s Folly Bought Alaska in 1867 from the Russians for $7.2 million

 U.S. takes Hawaii  Annexation US businesses want annexation to avoid sugar tariffs Businessmen overthrow Hawaiian Queen  Sanford Dole heads temporary gov’t  Republic of Hawaii annexed in 1898

 Read 18.2  Explain how each of the following people or terms helped cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War: American business owners Jose Marti Valeriano Weyler Yellow journalism De Lome Letter U.S S. Maine  Everyone needs to write the responses down in their notes!

 Americans invest heavily in Cuban sugarcane Which goal of imperialism does that align with?  Cuban War for Independence Led by Jose Marti US sugar mills attacked to provoke involvement American opinion split

 Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba Sent 300,000 Cubans to concentration camps  Headline Wars Yellow Journalism: Reporting that exaggerates news to make it exciting Deepens American sympathy for the war cause

 DeLome Letter McKinley tries diplomacy to avoid war Letter from Spanish diplomat insults McKinley Americans are outraged

 U.S.S. Maine Explodes Cause unknown, newspapers blame Spain Americans call for war

 War in Philippines George Dewey led U.S. attack on Spanish fleet at Manila Filipinos support Dewey in hopes of independence Spanish troops surrender in August 1898  War in the Caribbean U.S. navy blockaded Cuba U.S. relied heavily on ill-equipped volunteer soldiers

 Rough Riders Volunteer regiment led by T. Roosevelt Clear path for victory at San Juan Hill US Navy destroyed Spanish fleet US invaded Puerto Rico July 25, 1898

 Treaty of Paris Granted Cuba independence Puerto Rico and Guam given to U.S. U.S. paid Spain $20m for Philippines  Debate Over the Treaty Controversy over U.S. right to annex Philippines  “Christianize” Filipinos?  Violated Declaration of Independence? U.S. approved annexation in 1899

 US took control of Puerto Rico in 1898  US occupied Cuba after war Platt Amendment:  Limited Cuba’s rights in dealing with other nations  Gave U.S. right to intervene  Philippines Rebellion that leads to self-rule

 Open Door Policy Calls for China’s ports to remain open and independent No nation gets special privileges  Boxer Rebellion Rebellion against Western presence in China Troops sent to suppress rebellion

 “Big Stick” Diplomacy “Walk softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”-T.R.  U.S. is willing to negotiate, but will use military force if necessary.

 TR negotiated Treaty of Portsmouth Ended Russo-Japanese War TR won Nobel Peace Prize US prestige increased  Panama Canal Reduced travel time Established U.S. presence in Central America

 Roosevelt Corollary Based off of the Monroe Doctrine  Said U.S. would be willing to use military power to protect its economic interests in Latin America The U.S., not Europe, should be the caretaker of Latin America The corollary stated the U.S. would use force to protect economic interests in Latin America

 Dollar Diplomacy U.S. will use military force to guarantee loans made to foreign nations Leads to U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua

 Missionary Diplomacy  Wilson refused to recognize any oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government The U.S. would intervene if this occurred  Conflict with Mexico Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government Uses minor incident to occupy Veracruz Recognized Carranza government

 Rebellion in Mexico Pancho Villa  Wanted war between Carranza and US  Killed 16 Americans in raid U.S. General Pershing invaded Mexico and crushed Villa’s forces in 1916

 U.S. is no longer isolationist due to ties with Latin America  Diplomacy becomes majorly important for the Presidency  How do you see diplomacy playing a role in the first World War?