1. The Spanish American War

2. Expansion in the 1800’s Manifest Destiny – Purchase of Florida, Alaska – Oregon territory – Fought for Texas – Gained land through Mexican Session: Southwestern territories and California – Louisiana Purchase

3. Civil War 1861-1865 Limited expansion Limited industrial growth

4. Turn to expansionism Better communication, transportation Surplus of goods, need for new markets New foreign policy, abandon isolationism

5. Expansionism to Imperialism Desire for new markets to sell more goods Notion of an American Empire is appealing Suggestions of Alfred T. Mahan: modernize navy to protect trade on 2 ocean fronts Patriotism Christian duty

6. Debate! Imperialists: Favored expansion and colonization Anti Imperialists: did not favor expansion and colonization, feared it could undermine the strength of the US

7. Revolution in Cuba Cubans struggle for independence from Spain

8. US interest in Cuba Identified with struggle for independence Natural expansion of US Spain viewed as oppressive Protect US sugar plantations in Cuba

9. Revolution Begins Jose Marti launches revolution from US Destroy Spanish Assets in Cuba Spanish place Cuban rebels in camps – Some Americans mistaken for rebels – Starvation, disease – Death

10. Americans Keep Watch US investments in sugar Horrific conditions reported in camps Sensationalism in news reports creates anger towards Spain President McKinley wants to avoid war and calls for reforms by Spain in Cuba

11. The Maine Explosion – Riots in Havana (Cuban Capitol) – USS Maine sent to show US concern (intimidation) – Feb. 15 1898 the Maine mysteriously explodes killing 260 Americans

12. Remember the Maine, War with Spain! Yellow Journalism pushes for military action – Sensational headlines – Stir up emotions – Ploy to “sell” news

13. McKinley calls for war Ultimatum to Spain: agree to armistice and end prison camps Spain does not respond to ultimatum Congress declares war with Spain in Cuba in 1898

14. War in Philippines (Spanish Territory) US Commodore George Dewey invades Philippines to keep Spanish Fleet there from leaving for Caribbean Defeats Spanish in Manilla Bay Rebels help US liberate Philippines from Spain No independence for Filipinos

15. War in Cuba Fighting begins June 20, 1898 17,000 troops to Santiago, Cuba African Americans fight too, but are not rewarded Rough Riders – Volunteers, adventurous – Led by Theodore Roosevelt from Tampa to Cuba – Vital to winning war in Cuba

16. US defeats Spain Battle of San Juan Hill, US overtakes Spanish US destroys Spanish Fleet Conquered Spanish in Puerto Rico Took toll on Soldiers – 385 killed in action – 5,000 killed by disease (yellow fever and Malaria), or food poisoning

17. US emerges as an Imperialist Power Splendid Little War Cease fire on Aug. 12, 1898 Treaty of Paris 1898 granted independence to Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines to the United States

18. Cuba is protectorate of US Platt Amendment – Limited Cuba’s foreign interaction – US has rights to build Naval stations – US can send troops to keep order

19. Philippines become US colony Unfit for self government US to educate, civilize and Christianize Filipinos Proves difficult as there are language and cultural barriers

20. US becomes a world power in 1900 Influences policies in other countries Progressive policies under T. Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson Increased involvement in Asia and Latin America

21. Roosevelt’s policies Speak softly but carry a big stick Advocated peaceful solutions US should have a strong international presence US responsible to protect weaker countries Open Door Policy with China – Equal trade for all countries – Preserve China’s independence – Boxer Rebellion: battle against all foreigners in China

22. President Taft Dollar Diplomacy US should invest money in foreign countries to keep other nations from taking them over

23. President Wilson Moral diplomacy US responsible for democracy around the globe