SSUSH13 The Student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era.

Reform Movements in the Progressive Era

Preview and Processing 1.Who is the man in the picture? 2.What position did he hold? 3.Where was this picture taken?

Progressive Era The progressive movement were reform efforts that were meant to give people opportunities and correct injustices. Goals: Protecting social welfare Promoting moral improvement Creating economic improvements Fostering efficiency

Progressive Presidents Theodore RooseveltWilliam Howard TaftWoodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt

1858-New York City Sickly child Books caused love for outdoors 1895-NYC Police Commissioner Merit system War of 1898/Spanish American War Rough Riders-San Juan Hill Governor of New York

1900 election-VP to McKinley (Republican) Sept. 6, McKinley assassinated 26 th president

Roosevelt’s Presidency Federal responsibility for welfare programs Publicity campaigns= model for future presidents “bully pulpit” – Square Deal

Trustbusting Sherman Antitrust Act Railroad Regulation Elkins Act Hepburn Act Regulating Food and Drugs Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Land Conservation National Reclamation Act Federal Government Responsible for:

Yosemite National Park

Yellowstone National Park

1908 Election William Howard Taft-Republican (wins) William Jennings Bryan-Democrat “Vote for Taft this time, You can vote for Bryan anytime.”

Taft Born in 1857-son of a judge Yale Graduate Federal Circuit Judge by 34. Aspirations for Supreme Court Civil Administrator in the Philippines(roads, school, economy) Appointed by TR as Secretary of War

Taft’s Presidency “Cautiously Progressive” The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Land Disputes – Secretary of the Interior: Richard A. Ballinger – 1 million acres

Progressives vs. Old Guard Republican Party splits Bull Moose Party “Welfare of the people” “as strong as a bull moose”- Roosevelt

Bull Moose Party Advocated for: – Women’s suffrage – 8 hour workday – minimum wage for women – Federal law against child labor – Direct election of senators (17 th Amendment) – Initiative – Recall – Referendum

Making the Connection Define : 1.Initiative 2.Recall 3.Referendum

1912 Election Republicans: William H. Taft Bull Moose: Theodore Roosevelt Democrats: Woodrow Wilson (wins)

Election Ran on “New Freedom” Antitrust, banking reform, reduced tariffs National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) marched on Wilson’s inauguration.

Wilson Born 1856 in Virginia Son of a Presbyterian minister College of New Jersey (Princeton) lawyer/history professor/Princeton University professor 1910 Governor of New Jersey

Wilson’s Presidency 2 antitrust measures: 1.Clayton Antitrust Act 2.Federal Trade Commission New Tax system Underwood Act 16 th Amendment-Federal Income Tax Federal Reserve Act of 1913 Federal Reserve System

1910:Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Washington, and Idaho 1919: Women’s Suffrage (19 th Amendment)

Muckrakers

Journalists John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress Examples: Ida Tarbell Upton Sinclair Jacob Riis

Upton Sinclair The Jungle Chicago meatpacking industry Meat Inspection Act

Ida Tarbell History of the Standard Oil Company

Making the Connection 1. What is the definition of a muckraker? 2. What are some of the issues that present day muckrakers could report on now?

Reform Movements

3 part strategy for suffrage – Tried to convince legislatures for right to vote – Pursued court cases (using 14 th Amendment) – Pushed for an amendment that gave them the right to vote

Addam’s Hull House Influenced by Toynbee Hall Ellen G. Starr and Jane Addams 1889 Civic Responsibility Day care, libraries, classes, employment bureau

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire March 25, 1911 Horrible safety missions Locked doors 146 Employees dead

Gained support for workers’ unions Government now had power to make laws to protect the workers Workplace conditions had to be improved

Jim Crow Poll tax/Grandfather clause Segregation laws Schools/hospitals/parks/transportation Lynching

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Formed in 1909 W.E.B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Ida B. Wells, Henry Moskowitz 1917: 9, : 90, local branches

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Separate but equal

Making the Connection 1.Who were the progressives? 2.How successful were the progressives in making progress?

Progressive Amendments 16 Amendment: income tax 17 Amendment: Direct Election of senators 19 Amendment: Women’s Suffrage