Concept Mapping: K nowledge is Liberty James Madison Charles M. Harris Shenghua Zha James Madison University Rationale, Technologies, Types, & Applications

Rationale Concept Mapping:

One who knows the Why of life Can cope with any How Gibran

Development of critical thinking skills is the hallmark of American education’s mission to create thinking citizens for a free society (Scott, 2005). Approximately 50% of college students do not demonstrate significant gains in critical thinking skills during the first two years of college (Blaich, 2007; Arum and Roksa, 2011)

Content Process

Goal 3: Critical Thinking Skills in Psychology Associatio n Skills Basic: Retention and Comprehension State connections between diverse facts/concepts and theories Developing: Analysis and Application Relate connections between diverse facts/concepts and theories Apply diverse facts/concepts and theories in various contexts Advanced: Evaluation and Creation Assess the quality of connections between diverse facts/concepts and theories

Associative Learning: Associative Learning: Internal cognitive representations for functionally relating two or more concepts Concept Maps: G raphic organizers (diagrams) show relationships among concepts in order to visually depict the structure of knowledge

…pictures and line drawings are often more easily comprehended than the words that represent an abstract concept (Terry, 2003) A Picture is Worth…Words

Concept Map Concept Map Visualize Information Can be used to Two Important Components Contains Terminology Such as Ideas Such as Major Topics One is Linking Words The other is Integrating new information into prior knowledge For Explain relationships between topics/concepts That Subtopics That Branch to Decribe relationships between topics/concepts That

Concept: Age

CmH’s Date of Birth April 22, years & 5 + months

Concept: Age

Chronological age is the number of years that have elapsed since birth. However, time is a crude index of experience and does not cause anything. Moreover, just as there are different domains of development, there are different ways of thinking about age. Biological age is a person’s age in terms of the functional capacities of a person’s vital organs. One person’s vital capacities may be better or worse than the vital capacities of others of the same chronological age. The younger a person’s biological age, the longer that person is expected to live, regardless of chronological age. Psychological age is an individual’s adaptive cognitive capacities compared with other individuals of the same chronological age. Older adults, who continue to learn, are more flexible, motivated, in control of their emotions, and think more clearly than their chronological age-mates who do not continue to learn. Social age refers to the extent to which one’s behavior is consistent with one’s social roles and expectations compared with others of the same chronological age. Consider the role of “mother” and the behaviors that accompany that role. When predicting an adult woman’s behavior, it would be more important to know that she is the mother of a child, 3-years-of-age, than to know than to know her chronological age. Concepts of Age Psychological age Chronological age of the same chronological age

Concepts of Age: Coherence Chronological Biological Psychological Social Referenced to

Concepts of Age: Interaction Concepts of Age: Interaction Chronological Biological Psychological Social Interacts with

Technologies Concept Mapping:

Technologies for Constructing Concept Maps XXXX Features

Youtube Cacoo Video Cacoo for Constructing Concept Maps

Types Concept Mapping:

Types of Concept Maps Systems Depict comprehensive, integrated data for critical thinking Spider Do not depict integration of data for critical thinking Hierarchical/Chronological Do not depict integration of data for critical thinking Flow Chart Depict minimal data for critical thinking

Systems Concept Map: Age Chronological Biological Psychological Social Referenced to Interacts with Definition Explained as Domain Delimits Assessment Basis for Definition Explained as Domain Assessment Delimits Basis for Definition Explained as Domain Assessment Delimits Basis for Definition Explained as Domain Assessment Incorporates Basis for Interacts with

Chronological Biological Psychological Social Spider Concept Map : Ages Age Definition Domain Assessment

Short-termLong-term EncodingOrganizationRetrievalElaboration A P A = Activation P = Process A P A P A P Hierarchical Concept Map : Memory Memory Memory

Short-termLong-term EncodingOrganizationRetrievalElaboration A P A = Activation P = Process A P A P A P Systems Concept Map : Memory Memory Memory

Flow Chart Concept Map : Memory Encoding Encoding Elaboration Elaboration Organization Organization Retrieval Retrieval

Applications Concept Mapping:

Concept Mapping Applications Content Delivery: Macro level (Course, Module, Lecture) Micro level (Specific Complex Concepts) Asssessment: During a Learning Activity Prior Knowledge Current Comprehension During Testing Individually Collaboratively Model Critical Thinking: Instructor demonstrates CT Students replicate CT Students elaborate (What, How, Why)

Studies of Effectiveness in Learning Complex Concepts Study One: Efficacy 0f CM Study Two: Timing 0f CM General Education/Psychology Course First-year Students

Study One-Concept of Age NMeanSDFdfp Section Section Section Section

Study One-Memory NMeanSDFdfp Section Section Section Section

Study Two-Concept of Age NMeanSDFdfp Section Section Section Section

Study Two-Memory NMeanSDFdfp Section Section Section Section

Concept Mapping Teaching & Learning A Technique for Charles M. Harris Shenghua Zha James Madison University