Contraception & Family Planning

I don’t have sex. I do have sex, and we use birth control every time. I do have sex, and we use birth control some of the time. I do have sex, and we use the withdrawal method. I do have sex, and we never use birth control.

22 April 2010Contraception.ppt3 Contraception  Three general strategies:  Prevent ovulation  Prevent fertilization  Keep sperm & ovum away from each other  Prevent implantation

22 April 2010Contraception.ppt4 Prevent Ovulation  “The Pill”  Synthetic hormones mimic effect of progesterone.  Inhibits FSH & LH, and their effects on follicle development  Hormonal Implants  Norplant  Hormonal Injections  Depo-provera  Vaginal Implant  NuvaRing

Birth Control Pills  99.5% effective  Lighter, predictable periods  Milder cramps  Protects against uterine, ovarian cancer  Protects against benign breast disease  Low risk of side-effects  Must take a pill each day

Hormonal Injections - Depo-provera  99% effective  Lasts 3 months  IM injection  Amenorrhea, spotting  Weight gain  Ovulation returns in 4.5 months  Average 10 months to conception

8 Prevent Fertilization  Celibacy  (Is this contraception, or non-participation?)  Condom  Male and Female  Spermicide  Foam, cream, gel  Film  Diaphragm  Cervical Cap  Sterilization  Vasectomy  Tubal ligation  Rhythm  Withdrawal

Condom  98% effective  Protects against some STDs

Female Condom  95% effective  Protects against some STDs  Noisy  Use extra lubrication

Foam  80-85% effective  Works immediately  Effective for an hour  Over the counter  No douching for 6 hours after intercourse  20% have burning (reaction)

Film  80-85% effective  Works 10 min after insertion  Effective for an hour  Over the counter  No douching for 6 hours after intercourse  20% have burning (reaction)

Diaphragm  95% effective  Requires fitting, manual dexterity  Leave in place 6 hours after intercourse  Use with contraceptive jelly/cream

Cervical Cap  Small latex thimble  Must remain in place for 8 hours  Increased risk of infection

Tubal Ligation & Vasectomy  Surgical sterilization  Permanent, irreversible  >99% effective  Male  Minor outpatient surgery  Female  Major surgery

22 April 2010Contraception.ppt16 Prevent fertilization  Rhythm – Natural Family Planning  Avoid intercourse during woman’s likely fertile period  ~ 1 week before ovulation to ~ 4 days after ovulation

Rhythm – Natural Family Planning  Avoid unprotected intercourse day #9-19  70-80% effective  Assumes ovulation about day #14

Withdrawal  80-90% effective  Always available  Requires motivation, sense of timing  Some sperm present in pre-ejaculatory fluid

22 April 2010Contraception.ppt19 Prevent implantation  Intrauterine Device (IUD)  “Morning-after pill”  High dose progestins  Immunize woman against embryo

IUD  98-99% effective  Lasts 10 years  Heavier, crampier periods  Risk of infection/PID  Risk of ectopic pregnancy  Good candidate:  multiparous  monogamous

MethodCharacteristics AbstinenceONLY method that is 100% effective Birth control pillsSome side effects; 95-98% effective Cervical capSmall latex thimble must remain in place 8 hours; increased risk of infection; 60-91% effective CondomHelps reduce spread of STDs. Effectiveness 86-97%; should be used with spermicide. DiaphragmUsed with spermicide; increases risk of UTI; 80-94% effective Hormonal implantsCapsules placed under the skin of upper arm; 99% effective for up to 5 years Hormonal injectionsHormones given by physician monthly or once every 3 months; may cause irregular bleeding; 99% effective Hormonal patchThin patch worn on skin 3 weeks each month; similar side effects to BC pills; 99% effective Intrauterine device (IUD) & Uterine implant May cause discomfort & side effects first 3 months of use; up to 99% effective Natural family planningKnown as the rhythm method, 53-80% effective SpermicideFoams, creams, gels; may cause allergic reactions; 72% effective; Use with condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap Vaginal implantRing worn internally for 3 weeks each month; 95-99% effective

Effectiveness Rates MethodTypicalPerfect Absitnence100% Implant99.96%99.8% Male Sterilization99.85%99.6% Female Sterilization99.5% IUD99.2%99.4% Shot97%99.7% Combined Methods92%99.7%

Male Condom85%98% Diaphragm84%94% Sponge (never have been pregnant) 84%91% Female Condom79%95% Fertility Awareness75%98% Withdrawal73%96% Spermicides71%82% Sponge (has been pregnant)68%80% Emergency Contraceptive65%75-98% No Method15%

Finish these Sentences…  I hope my children will wait to be married until……  I hope my children wait to have sex until….  I hope my children will wait to have children of their own until….