Energy, Where does it come from? Bio. i

On page 46 of your notebook divide it into top & bottom Label top half of page 46: Where does energy come from? List all the ways you can think of on how we get energy. Any forms of energy you can think of.

Class Discussion What ways do we get energy? Share your ideas

How do our cells get energy? Our cells get energy from Cellular Respiration and from Photosynthesis. Plants use sunlight to perform photosynthesis to make glucose. Glucose is then used by the cell & mitochondria to make ATP. ATP is how all of our cells are powered. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate

Label the ATP Cycle on the bottom half of page 46 of your notebook 1) ATP is ready to release energy 2) The BOND between the 3 rd & 2 nd phosphate is broken, releasing ENERGY 3) ADP is a weaker form of energy, ready to have a phosphate added to it 4) ADP + a phosphate creates ATP - Ready to start all over again

Photosynthesis Class discussion – What occurs during photosynthesis? What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

Sorting Activity page 47 of Notebook Cut out each piece and arrange to show the process of photosynthesis

Your page should look something like this

Photosynthesis Notes Complete the handout as we go through the notes and glue it on page 48 of your notebook

Which Organisms Carry Out Photosynthesis? Autotrophs such as plants and some protists

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the cellular process in which autotrophs capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.

Equation for Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Light Energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen

Reactants & Products of Photosynthesis REACTANTS (what goes in) PRODUCTS (what comes out) Carbon Dioxide Glucose (sugar) Water Oxygen Light Energy

Where Does Photosynthesis Occur? Chloroplasts – Contain chlorophyll in plant cells or autotrophs that capture different wave lengths of light

Light Dependent Reaction (Needs sunlight to happen) Occurs in the thylakoid Water is absorbed through roots. Sunlight enters the chloroplast heating up the water to where it splits, Hydrogen is saved and oxygen is released back into the atmosphere NADP + picks up the H + ions (becoming NADPH) and moves them to the stroma for the light independent reaction (Calvin cycle). (NADP+ is a delivery man of hydrogen, its only job is to transfer H+ to the next reaction)

Light Dependent Reaction Thylakoid

Light Independent Reaction – Calvin Cycle (does NOT need sunlight to happen) Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters H + breaks off from NADPH (NADP+ is a delivery man of hydrogen) NADP + returns to the Light Dependent Reaction to gather more H + Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) becomes “fixed” with the H + producing the glucose molecule C 6 H 12 O 6.

Light Dependent / Calvin Cycle

Summarize photosynthesis Class discussion

What do we do with the glucose/starch when we eat plants?? Class discussion

Mitochondria & Cellular Respiration

Found in Both Plants & Animals

Mitochondria & Cellular Respiration Found in Both Plants & Animals Breaks down GLUCOSE into ENERGY

Mitochondria & Cellular Respiration Found in Both Plants & Animals Breaks down GLUCOSE into ENERGY Chemical formula is the same as photosynthesis but in reverse

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration Foldable Create a pyramid foldable this will go on page 49 Use the foldable to complete your notes

Glycolysis Happens in the cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell We put in 2 ATP to start the process We make 4 ATP and break the glucose down into 2 molecules of pyruvate Since we paid 2 ATP up front to start the process we only Gained 2 ATP From glycolysis we get -2 ATP -2 pyruvate -2 NADH (goes to ETC) Pyruvate now travels to the mitochondria

The Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle Occurs inside the mitochondria Is an aerobic process, NEEDS OXYGEN to work Breaks down the pyruvate into acetyl-CoA Net yield of 2 ATP Net yield of 6 NAHD & 2 FADH2 (this will help run the next process) Releases Carbon dioxide as waste

Electron Transport Chain Final stage of Cellular Respiration Takes place in the mitochondria Electrons are released from NADH & FADH 2 as they pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane, as they go through electrons give up energy to create ATP Hydrogen is also combined with Oxygen to form water

Net Yield of each process

Page 50 Fill out the Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Chart