Regulations to Restrict Idling of Diesel-Powered Vehicles Philadelphia Diesel Difference June 18, 2007 Arleen Shulman Bureau of Air Quality, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Petition to EQB (and PennDOT) October 18, Clean Air Board of Central PA, Inc., January 17, 2007, EQB accepted for study. March-April 2007 CAB commented on draft study May 2007 – EQB directed DEP to develop proposed regulation All posted on EQB’s website.

Idling Concerns Identified in the Petition Idling highway diesel engines are a significant source of diesel pollution, which include fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone precursors, and air toxics. PM2.5 poses serious public health and environmental problems in many areas of the Commonwealth. Statewide regulation of idling would prevent a patchwork system of regulations in Pennsylvania. Idling diesel engines increase emissions and waste fuel. Cost-effective technologies to reduce idling are available today.

The Department’s Study Characterized and quantified heavy-duty diesel vehicle long-duration (>15 minutes) idling activity. Estimated emissions impacts of idling activity. Investigated legal authority and enforcement issues. Used consultant assistance. Incorporated consultation with PennDOT and State Police.

Health and Environmental Benefits Agreed with CAB’s assessment of health effects of diesel emissions. Effects include contribution to area-wide concentrations of fine particulates and ozone, and direct exposure to diesel emissions. An anti-idling regulation would help the Commonwealth address local concentrations of PM2.5 and contribute towards attaining and maintaining the fine particulate and ozone standards. Agreed that idling reduction can save energy and money for the industry and that cost-effective technology exists to reduce idling.

Idling Activity  Study looked at heavy-duty diesel idling from long- haul truck travel rest at truck/rest stops and at loading/unloading locations, transit and tour buses, school buses.  Truck travel rest idling accounts for nearly 80 percent of all heavy-duty diesel idling.  Most travel rest idling occurs at truck/rest stops.  More than 13,000 truck parking spaces at about 300 stops and rest areas in Pennsylvania

Idling Activity Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Idling Total 27.2 million vehicle hours statewide Long-Duration (>15 min.) 22.3 million vehicle hours Long-Duration due to long-haul travel rest 21.2 million vehicle hours

Geography Primary interstates carry the most truck volume. = Daily Truck Volume > 10,000 = Daily Truck Volume >2,000 and <10,000

Geography

Emissions from Heavy-Duty Long-Duration Idling (2005) Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM2.5 significant. Smaller but still significant impact on volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Statewide; varies by county depending on activity. Tons/year% of highway NOx % PM %

Enforcement  With a regulation, DEP inspectors and state and local police would have the ability to enforce.  DEP has authority for administrative penalties and summary offenses.  State and local police cannot use administrative penalties and generally cannot enter private property (eg. warehouses) without a warrant.  Since most idling is due to truck travel rest at truck/rest stops, targeted education campaigns in selected areas may be more effective in reducing idling emissions than responding to individual complaints.

Regulatory Development PROPOSED July 2007: meet with DEP advisory committees September 2007: EQB considers proposal October or November 2007: public comment period opens (60 days with three public hearings) FINAL April/May 2008: meet with DEP advisory committees on final rule September 2008: EQB considers final rulemaking October 2008: Independent Regulatory Review Commission November 2008: publication/effective

Regulatory Development Considering petitioner’s language, EPA model law, Philadelphia and Allegheny county laws. Regulation itself will not contain penalty amounts. State regulation would preempt local regulation only where more stringent, which creates consistency issues.

Issues Form of time restriction Who’s responsible? Sleepers, temperature exemptions Expiration of sleeper exemptions Loading/unloading, queuing engines being cleaner than auxiliary power units.

For information: keyword: EQB or (coming soon) keyword: diesel emissions Arleen Shulman or Chris Trostle Mobile Source Section, Bureau of Air Quality