1. PM 2.5 Implementation Program New Jersey Perspective Sandra Krietzman, Bureau Chief New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection Bureau of Air Quality Planning sandy.krietzman@dep.state.nj.us

2. Outline Characterization of the PM 2.5 Problem in New Jersey Identification of Strategies NJ Workshop Regional Discussion of Strategies Conclusions

3. New Jersey

5. New Jersey Fine Particle (PM 2.5 ) Monitoring Network

7. Ozone and Fine Particle Nonattainment Areas (April 2005) Projected Nonattainment Areas in 2010 after Reductions from CAIR and Existing Clean Air Act Programs Projections concerning future levels of air pollution in specific geographic locations were estimated using the best scientific models available. They are estimations, however, and should be characterized as such in any description. Actual results may vary significantly if any of the factors that influence air quality differ from the assumed values used in the projections shown here. Ozone and PM Attainment forecast with CAIR and with Other Clean Air Programs - 2010 Nonattainment areas for both 8-hour ozone and fine particle pollution Nonattainment areas for fine particle pollution only. Nonattainment areas for 8-hour ozone pollution only 104 ozone nonattainment areas (408counties) 36 PM 2.5 nonattainment areas with 195 counties 14 ozone nonattainment areas 19 PM2.5 nonattainment areas

8. Results of CAIR modeling Some of the larger metropolitan areas in the Northeast are predicted to have PM 2.5 levels in 2010 that are just below the standard. Source: USEPA modeling City 99-03 Average PM 2.5 Concentration (ug/m 3 ) 2010 PM 2.5 Concentration (after CAIR) (ug/m 3 ) 2015 PM 2.5 Concentration (after CAIR) (ug/m 3 ) Philadelphia 16.5514.9814.53 New York 17.5614.9514.33

10. Key Pollutant = Sulfates

11. Composition of Fine Particles Elizabeth, N.J. Combustion Related (Carbonaceous Organic + Elemental Carbon) 40% Soil 4% Sulfate 43% Nitrate 13% Formed From SO 2 Transported from Regional and Local Sources; Oil and Coal-fired Utility and Commercial/ Institutional Boilers, Small Combustion Sources Wind Erosion, Agricultural Tilling, Paved and Unpaved Roads and Construction Activities Diesels - Highway Diesels - Off Road Aircraft & Railway Gasoline Combustion Incineration, Open Burning Residential Wood Burning Structural Fires Utility/Commercial Fuel Combustion PM formed from Organic Gases Formed from NO x Emitted From Regional and Local Sources, Highway Vehicles and Off-Road Diesel Mobile Sources

13. 2002 MANE-VU Region SO 2 Emission Inventory Top 10

14. 2002 MANE-VU Region NO x Emission Inventory Top 10

15. 2002 MANE-VU Region PM 2.5 Emission Inventory Top 10 Note: Not Adjusted for Fugitive Dust

16. NJ Outreach Reducing Air Pollution Together June 29, 2005 - First Workshop Six workgroups formed  Diesel initiatives  Gasoline Cars and Trucks  Homes and Restaurants  Non-Automobile Gasoline Engines  Stationary Combustion Sources  Volatile Organic Compounds

17. Reducing Air Pollution Together (Continued) Summer of 2005 Workgroups meet - brainstorming sessions Fall/Winter 2005 Workgroups submit reports to NJDEP Air workshop - November 14, 2005 ~ 250 potential control measures May 17, 2006 – Second Workshop 60 white papers www.nj.gov/dep/airworkgroups/docs/wp_summary_table_web_2007.xls

18. Regional Strategies OTC Reasonable Measures Workgroup Control Strategy Workgroup HEDD Regional Effort MARAMA Refineries

19. Areas of Control Strategies under Consideration a. Electric Generating Units b. Heating Oil and Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers c. Residential Wood Combustion d. Diesel e. Fugitive Emissions - BMP

20. EGUs – Oil and Gas HEDD (High Energy Demand Day) Mostly turbines/some oil boilers NOx reductions Short term 5/1/09 Long term 5/1/15 Sulfur in Oil

21. EGUs – Coal Multipollutant Performance Standards SO2/NOx/PM2.5 – new rule Hg – existing rule CAIR NOx allocations Output-based Rule being adopted Greater CAIR retirement ratios Under consideration

22. Low Sulfur Oil + ICI Boiler Strategy Distillate 500 ppm by 2012 (2010 if possible) 15 ppm by 2016 (2015 if possible) #4 Residual 0.5% by 2012 #6 Residual 0.3 to 0.5% by 2012

23. Wood Combustion PM and VOC emissions contribute to Regional Haze Not as great an impact as sulfate More local impacts Nuisance and health reasons in addition to regional haze for addressing this category

24. Wood Combustion - Control Options Public outreach and education programs Woodstove changeout programs to promote replacement of old equipment with cleaner burning equipment State requirements for new sources, stricter than federal NSPS State requirements for outdoor wood boilers/hydronic heaters Existing “no visible emission” requirement being enforced.

25. Diesel Strategies Diesel Risk Reduction Law Signed September 2005 Focuses on diesel particulate emissions Requires and funds crankcase and tailpipe retrofits on 40,000 diesel vehicles (15% of engines) Strengthens anti-idling enforcement Rule adoption expected this month

26. Regulated Vehicles School Buses Solid Waste Vehicles Publicly owned or in a contract w/public entity Public & Private Commercial Buses Publicly-owned on-road vehicles Publicly-owned off-road equipment

27. School Buses NJDEP adopt regulations Summer 07 Install closed crankcase technology Summer 09 Study to determine if tailpipe controls also necessary – Summer 07 If so, additional rules prioritized.

28. Idling Enforce 3 minute idling limit for diesel powered vehicles. Extensive outreach and education campaign. Adopt rule amendments. Provide alternatives such as truck stop electrification. Encourage school districts, bus companies and parents to sign “No Idling pledge.”

29. Idling - continued Local police can enforce Bus owner, school district and driver liable. Phase out exemption for sleeper berths in 2010. Tighten language for other exceptions.

30. Diesel Inspection and Maintenance Inspection and maintenance program since 1998 for diesel vehicles. NJDEP limits amount of visible emissions or “smoke.” Reducing allowable smoke – proposal in July 2007. Diesel vehicles greater than 18,000 pounds must go to annual emissions inspection at Diesel Emissions Inspection Center. State police also pull over vehicles on highways to check emissions (and safety issues).

31. Summary of Strategies Point sources: EGU Performance strategies Point and area sources: Fuel strategies Area sources: Wood combustion Onroad and nonroad sources: Diesel idling reductions, Diesel idling law, I/M program