PART 2

Development of Judaism Exodus 1280 BCE   Israelites move from Canaan to Egypt   Forced into slavery   Moses - Born Hebrew but raised as a Pharoah   God tells him to lead the Hebrews out of bondage   Exodus from slavery in Egypt   Return to “the land of milk and honey”   Celebrated by Pesach (Passover)   Leads them to Mt. Sinai Revelation   Moses meets God again - Mount Sinai   Renewal of the Covenant   Reveals 10 Commandments

Development of Judaism Monarchy 1004 – 928 BCE   Kings:   King David   Military leader   Established Jerusalem as the capital city – neutral site   Regarded as a model of the ‘Messiah’   Unites all the tribes of Israel   King Solomon   Son of David   built temple in Jerusalem   – centre of Jewish life for 1000 yrs

Development of Judaism Babylonian Exile   Assyrians invaded captured Israel BCE   Took land & evicted citizens   Babylonians – 500 BCE   Temple of Solomon destroyed   Captured Jewish leaders   Impact – Changed how people worshipped   creation of synagogues – worship in dispersed communities   Development of rabbis (teachers)   concept of Messiah “anointed one” will return Diaspora: BCE   ‘sowing of seed’   dispersal of Jews outside of Israel   Refers to all Jews living outside of Israel   Forced settlement

Development of Judaism   Hellenization: 332 BCE   Middle East controlled by Alexander the Great   Jewish people fell under influence of Greek culture   Adopted Greek dress, architecture, names   Bible translated and organized – Law, Prophecy, Poetry   Different Jewish sects develop   Pharisees (anti), Sadducees (pro), Zealots (rebels)   Maccabean Revolt: 168 BCE   Greek leader converted The temple rededicated it to Zeus - resentment   Maccabees revolted and took control of Jerusalem

Development of Judaism Expansion of Roman Empire and rule: 64 BCE   Treated poorly, taxed heavily   Romans controlled temple, high priest   Jesus crucified by Romans during this time   66 CE Jews revolt - Romans respond with force   destroy the temple leaving only the Western Wall

Beliefs Messiah   View of Jesus   born a Jew, a preacher and teacher   Jesus was not the Son of God;   Believe the Messiah ‘anointed’ one is still to return Lineage   People are born a Jew (through mother)   can convert (gerut)   Reveal knowledge, confirm Jewish beliefs

Development of Judaism   Prophetic Tradition:   ie Abraham, Moses, Jesus??   Prophet   one who sees the future   Speaks on behalf of God   Jewish Tradition   One who receives a message from God and passes it on to people.   word of God spoken through prophets   “Love God and keep the covenant with Him”

Beliefs Death and Afterlife   On death, body returns to earth (dust to dust)   but soul returns to God who gave it   Body will be resurrected and reunited with soul at a later time   (therefore no cremation) Mitzvah   Act of performing a good deed or commandment   (ie. 10 Commandments)   Direction on how to live ethically and keep covenant with God   Bible contains total of 613 mitzvoth   (248 do, 365 do not)

Development of Judaism After death of Saul  Division: Northern tribes = Israel Southern tribes = Judah centred around Jerusalem

Practices  Holy Ark & Torah  Blessings and prayer  Minyan  Kashruth  Shabbat  Circumcision  Shofar  Bar / Bat Mitvah  Marriage  Death & Shiva

Holidays  Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur  Hanukkah  Passover

Symbols   Star of David= shape of King David’s shield; symbol adopted by Zionists   Menorah = ancient source of light 7 branched= Sabbath 9 branched= Hanukah