1. Religions Of the Middle East

2. VI. Judaism Torah Jewish Holy Book Old Testament of the Bible A. Judaism is the main religion of Israel. It is based upon the Torah which is the Jewish Holy Book. It is also known as the Old Testament of the Bible. Judaism is a religion that has been the center of discrimination and prejudice during many time periods throughout history.

3. Discrimination still Exists. 

5. B.Early Hebrew History, 1500-900 B.C.E.  Early Hebrews were semi-nomadic and moved from Mesopotamia to the land of Canaan: the modern states of Israel, Lebanon, and western Syria from 2000-1700 B.C.E. C.Patriarchs 1.Abraham is considered to be the first patriarch of Judaism. He entered into a covenant with God. Covenant – Covenant – An agreement MONOTHEISM ) God would bless his descendants and allow them to multiply 2.Under the covenant, Abraham and his descendants must only worship God ( MONOTHEISM ). God would bless his descendants and allow them to multiply. forced out due to a drought 3.Abraham moved the people to Canaan. However, they were forced out due to a drought. 4.The Patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—continued to lead tribes in their wanderings; Jacob took the name “Israel,” marking his people’s special relationship with one God. relocated to Egypt and were forced into slavery 5.They then relocated to Egypt and were forced into slavery. The Hebrews then became known as the Jews. 5

6. escape to the Sinai Peninsula 6.According to the scriptures, Moses led a group out of Egypt escape to the Sinai Peninsula and around 1250 B.C.E. The Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqCTq3EeDcY The Ten Commandments The Ten Commandments http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqCTq3EeDcY 7.10 commandments- 7.10 commandments- according to scripture, were given to Moses during the exile from Egypt. 8.God demands obedience and in turn, protects his people 9.Thus helping to forge the Hebrews into a national group with a religious purpose.

7. Canaan (Israel). The Hebrews then migrated back to Canaan (Israel). In 1025 BCE, they formed the Kingdom of Israel between Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, with frequent invasions, the kingdom did not last long. Israel did flourish under two great leaders.. King David 1. King David – Skilled general who unified Israel. Solomon 2. Solomon – David’s son who built palaces and temples. Some contain inner walls of gold.  After the death of Solomon, foreign invaders took control Israel. Persians Persians -Permitted the Hebrews to return to Israel and practice their religion freely. Solomon’s temple was rebuilt. The Greeks and the Romans The Greeks and the Romans – -In 70 CE, the Jews revolted against the Romans and were forced to leave Palestine.

8. D. Diaspora – Scattering of the Jews throughout the world.

9. E. Major Movements Golden AgeExpulsions Haskalah Hasidism

10. D. Types of Judaism. Orthodox 1. Orthodox a. Everything is conducted in Hebrew or Yiddish. b. Attendance is expected every week. c. Men and women attend separate services. d. Women may not lead services. Conservative 2. Conservative a. Services are conducted partially in English b. Attendance is not mandatory c. Men and women may attend services together. Reform 3. Reform a. All services are conducted in English. 4. Reconstructionist

11. XII.Beliefs in Judaism Judaism is a monotheistic religion. The Torah includes the 10 Commandments.. Judaism does show the ideas of Zoroaster. They both believe that people have to choose between good and evil. A. Judaism is a monotheistic religion. The teachings of God are outlined in the Torah. The Torah contains the moral and religious laws of God. The Torah includes the 10 Commandments. The commandments urge people to respect and honor God. It also forbids stealing, lying, cheating, and murder. In general, the laws of the Torah outline standards of conduct for everyday life. People were reminded of their duties to God by the prophets. Rulers and commoners must all obey the laws of the Torah. It teaches that individuals are responsible for their actions. Judaism does show the ideas of Zoroaster. They both believe that people have to choose between good and evil. 1. Judaism – People and rulers should all live moral lives. 2. 10 Commandments – Ethical and moral laws to live by. Prophets – 3. Prophets – Religious teachers

12. XIII. Holidays Sabbath A. Sabbath - Sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. Rosh Hashanah B. Rosh Hashanah 1. Jewish New Year 2. September or October *Honey is an important symbol of the Rosh Hashanah. It represents wishes of a hope of a sweet New Year.

13. Yom Kippur C. Yom Kippur 1. Nine days after Rosh Hashanah 2. It is the holiest of all days 3. Day of Atonement - Fast for 24 hours Prayer Repentance Passover D. Passover 1. March or April 2. It is the deliverance of the Jewish people from Egypt. 3. The Seder service on the first two evenings recounts the story of the Exodus.

14. Hanukkah E. Hanukkah 1. November or December 2. Festival of Lights 3. It is the celebration of conquering the temple from the Syrians. 4. They only had enough oil for one day but lasted for eight. Menorah - Candelabra 1. Light one candle for each day 2. Receive gifts for each day. Bar/Bat Mitzvah. F. Bar/Bat Mitzvah. 1. Bar - boy becomes an adult 2. Bat - girl becomes an adult

15. Holy Sites G. Holy Sites 1. Synagogues - Houses of prayer 2. Western Wall or the Wailing Wall – It is one wall of a temple which was destroyed by the Romans which still stands today. H. OTHER