Research Paper Writing In-Text Citations Based on the 2009 MLA Guide

DIRECT QUOTES A direct quote is when you take EXACTLY the same words the author/ source used and copy it into your paper. Direct quotes must have quotation marks or else it is plagiarism. Read the first paragraph and point out the direct quotes. The page numbers should direct follow the quote.

While some people perceive Anne Bradstreet as the perfect Puritan, others view her as a rebel for her time. According to “Anne Bradstreet,” she was not like every other Puritan woman. Since women were not supposed to write anything besides religious texts, she was rebelling by writing love poetry (“Anne Bradstreet” 43-45). An example of this love poetry is her famous poem, “To My Dear and Loving Husband.” In the poem, she writes, “My love is such that rivers cannot quench,/ Nor ought but love from thee, give recompense” (Bradstreet 91). In this line, she clearly is expressing her undying love for her husband. According to “Anne Bradstreet,” “In her ‘To My Dear and Loving Husband’ poem, she glorifies her husband instead of God” (44). While most Puritan women wrote only about their love for God, Bradstreet rebelled by writing adoringly about her husband.

Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is restating someone else’s ideas in your own words. You must give credit to the author/ source every time you paraphrase. Much of your paper will be paraphrased. Find what part(s) of the paragraph is paraphrased.

While some people perceive Anne Bradstreet as the perfect Puritan, others view her as a rebel for her time. According to “Anne Bradstreet,” she was not like every other Puritan woman. Since women were not supposed to write anything besides religious texts, she was rebelling by writing love poetry (“Anne Bradstreet” 43-45). An example of this love poetry is her famous poem, “To My Dear and Loving Husband.” In the poem, she writes, “My love is such that rivers cannot quench,/ Nor ought but love from thee, give recompense” (Bradstreet 91). In this line, she clearly is expressing her undying love for her husband. According to “Anne Bradstreet,” “In her ‘To My Dear and Loving Husband’ poem, she glorifies her husband instead of God” (44). While most Puritan women wrote only about their love for God, Bradstreet rebelled by writing adoringly about her husband.

Long-Quote Format When a quote is more than four lines typed, you MUST use long-quote format. What is different about the following long- quote format?

In “Introduction,” Mary Stewart describes how her husband reacted upon learning she was a poet: This is a long quote. You should only use this format when the quoted section is more than four lines in your double- spaced paper. It should be used at least once in your final draft, and it should only be used when the entire quote is necessary and important. Be careful, because besides the obvious indentation difference, the way you begin and end it is also different. Don’t ever end a paragraph with a quote. (25)

Introducing Sources Always introduce your author and full title the first time you cite the source. Books are underlined or italicized. Articles and poems are in quotes. Find the introduction to the source.

Bradstreet’s relationship with her husband was not typical of a Puritan marriage. According to John Smith’s A Life of Anne Bradstreet, the Bradstreets seemed like every other Puritan couple from the outside, but they lived a passionate life together when alone (1-5). Their marriage was “based on love” instead of religion like many others of the time (Smith 4). Bradstreet’s husband even encouraged her to write.

Quote Within a Quote You may quote someone else in another author’s piece. If you want to include a great quote by Anne Bradstreet’s husband, but it is in Mary Stewart’s article, how do you give credit for Bradstreet for saying it, and Stewart for publishing it?

Bradstreet’s husband was actually delighted to learn of his wife’s passion for poetry. John Bradstreet said, “I couldn’t be prouder” (qtd. in Stewart 35). His support of her art influenced Bradstreet to continue.