Effectively Communicating your Research download: liwenbianji.cn/BUAA_2014 Author Academy: Effectively Communicating your Research Beihang University 29 October 2014 Jeffrey Robens, PhD Senior Research Consultant Education Group Leader

Be an effective communicator Your goal should not only to be published, but also to be widely read/cited Good research design Choose the best journal Logically organize your ideas Navigate through peer review

Good experimental design download: liwenbianji.cn/BUAA_2014 Section 1 Good experimental design We’ll start by talking about good experimental design, and also discuss ethical issues as they apply to medical studies and manuscript publishing.

What do journal editors want? High quality research Increase impact Original and novel research Well-designed study Logically organized Learn by example Learn the difference between good and bad writing Real-world applications Interesting to journal’s readership

What do journal editors want? Real-world relevance Technical quality Learn by example Learn the difference between good and bad writing Develop material that can withstand colder-than-published temperatures Novelty

What do journal editors want? Real-world relevance Technical quality Learn by example Learn the difference between good and bad writing Develop new material that can withstand cold temperature, high salinity and high pressure Novelty

Research that has impact Read primary literature Read reviews Identify an important question Is the question focused? Do you have the expertise/resources? What is new? How is it useful? Getting a bit more specific, as doctors, many of you might be involved in conducting clinical trials. Clinical trials can be quite large and complicated, so good study design is very important to the success of your study. Before you start, you want to consider what type of clinical trial you are going to conduct. Is it a randomized controlled trial? Is it an observational or post-marketing study of a particular treatment or device? What level of blinding is required? As mentioned earlier, it’s also essential that you identify what type of controls you are going to use in your study. Are you comparing the before and after effects of a treatment on the same patients, or do you want to see the effects compared with a healthy placebo-controlled group? Whatever type of trial you are conducting, it is important to have a well-defined study protocol so that the appropriate funding and research committees can understand the details of each stage of your proposed study. It’s also important to remember that only studies that have been properly approved and conducted are likely to be accepted for publication.

Data fabrication or falsification Consequences of unethical behavior Publication ethics Data fabrication or falsification Plagiarism Author contribution Conflicts of interest Always follow ethical guidelines Consequences of unethical behavior Unable to publish Loss of employment

download: liwenbianji.cn/BUAA_2014 Section 2 Journal selection

Evaluating significance How new are your findings? Low or high impact journal Novelty How broadly relevant are your findings? International/regional & general/specialized Relevance What are the important real-world applications? Appeal

Factors to consider when choosing a journal Aims & scope Readership Indexing Open access Impact factor Which factor is most important to you?

Journal Selector www.liwenbianji.cn/journal_selector Insert your proposed abstract

Journal Selector www.liwenbianji.cn/journal_selector Matching journals Filter by: Impact factor Publishing frequency Open access

Journal Selector www.liwenbianji.cn/journal_selector springer.com/gp/authors-editors/journal-author Journal’s aims & scope, IF and publication frequency Are they published recently? Have you cited some of them? Similar published articles

download: liwenbianji.cn/BUAA_2014 Section 3 Manuscript structure

Problems with current solutions Introduction Aims Setting the context General problem Problems with current solutions Specific aims

Identify an important problem Writing the Introduction Identify an important problem Problem in the field However, conventional thin-film materials limit the use of such thin-film transistors in flexible backplane-circuitry due to their fragility and relatively low mobility. Problems with current solution Two-dimensional layered semiconducting chalcogenides (such as MoS2) have attracted attention due to their having an intrinsically high carrier mobility, mechanical flexibility, and a finite bandgap. However, improvements for MoS2 transistors have been hampered by the presence of a Schottky barrier… Lee et al. J Korean Phys Soc 2014; 64: L945–L948.

Writing the Introduction Your aims should address the identified problem Aims In this research, we investigated the high-temperature electrical behavior of a MoS2 transistor with a high Schottky barrier… High temperature leads to a larger thermionic emission that transports electrons over the energy barrier. Propose a solution to the problem Lee et al. J Korean Phys Soc 2014; 64: L945–L948.

Methods/Experimental Study design What was used Materials Software/hardware specifications How it was done General methods Specific techniques How it was analyzed Models Equations Simulations

Results Example: Logical presentation Fabrication Characterization Application Logical presentation Example: Develop new soldering process to better withstand mechanical shock Characterize the types of shock, the severity of shock, SEM, compare with current processes Demonstrate this process is efficient and cost-effective

Each subsection corresponds to What you found, not what it means Results Fabrication Characterization Application Logical presentation Each subsection corresponds to one figure Subsections What you found, not what it means Factual description

Discussion Summary of findings Relevance of findings Implications for Similarities/differences Unexpected results Negative results Limitations Implications for the field

Results and Discussion Logical presentation Figure 1 Results Interpretation Fabrication Figure 2 Results Interpretation Characterization Figure 3 Results Interpretation Figure 4 Results Interpretation Application

Why your work is important to your readers Conclusions Why your work is important to your readers The simulation of the non-linear behaviour of the composite materials is an open problem because of the complex phenomena that occur at the microscale level. The random distribution of defects in the matrix makes difficult to evaluate the effect of their interactions. For this reason, composite models with periodic distribution of heterogeneities are adopted in order to understand basic aspects of the composite non-linear behaviour. In this paper, a new method is presented for micromechanical finite element analysis of unidirectional composites according to the second approach. The numerical analysis of the infinitely extended periodic composite is performed on a small part of it, namely half of the unit cell, making the method efficient in terms of processing time. The proposed method results especially effective in time-dependent analyses and can be easily used in commercial FEM software: with respect to other methods available in literature, it requires only the setting of suitable boundary conditions for half of the unit cell, without modifying the software source code. Why needs to be done Conclusion Implications Caporale & Luciano. Ann Solid Struct Mech. 2010; 1: 117–137.

Linking your ideas General background Current state of the field Introduction Methods Results Discussion Problems in the field Objectives Methodology Results and figures Ask how some people read articles… Summary of findings Relevance of findings Implications for the field Logically link your ideas throughout your manuscript

Lee et al. J Korean Phys Soc 2014; 64: L945–L948. Linking your ideas Introduction However, improvements for MoS2 transistors have been hampered by the presence of a Schottky barrier… Problem In this research, we investigated the high-temperature electrical behavior of a MoS2 transistor with a high Schottky barrier… Objectives Discussion Ask how some people read articles… …a high-performance 2D multilayer MoS2 transistor having a zero or slightly negative Schottky barrier can be realized. Conclusion Lee et al. J Korean Phys Soc 2014; 64: L945–L948.

Abstracts First impression of your paper Relevance of your aims Importance of your results Validity of your conclusions First impression of your paper Judge your writing style Probably only part that will be read

Sections of an abstract Concise summary of your research Background Why the study was done Aims Your hypothesis Methods Analyses Results Most important findings Conclusion Conclusion/implications

Unstructured abstract Antilock braking systems are designed to control the wheel slip, such that the braking force is maximized and steerability is maintained during braking. However, the control of antilock braking systems is a challenging problem due to nonlinear braking dynamics and the uncertain and time-varying nature of the parameters. This paper presents an adaptive neural network-based hybrid controller for antilock braking systems. The hybrid controller is based on the well-known feedback linearization, combined with two feedforward neural networks that are proposed so as to learn the nonlinearities of the antilock braking system associated with feedback linearization controller. The adaptation law is derived based on the structure of the controller, using steepest descent gradient approach and backpropagation algorithm to adjust the networks weights. The weight adaptation is online and the stability of the proposed controller in the sense of Lyapunov is studied. Simulations are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller under various road conditions and parameter uncertainties. Poursamad A. Mechatronics 2009; 19: 767–773.

Unstructured abstract Background Antilock braking systems are designed to control the wheel slip, such that the braking force is maximized and steerability is maintained during braking. However, the control of antilock braking systems is a challenging problem due to nonlinear braking dynamics and the uncertain and time-varying nature of the parameters. Methods This paper presents an adaptive neural network-based hybrid controller for antilock braking systems. Results The hybrid controller is based on the well-known feedback linearization, combined with two feedforward neural networks that are proposed so as to learn the nonlinearities of the antilock braking system associated with feedback linearization controller. The adaptation law is derived based on the structure of the controller, using steepest descent gradient approach and backpropagation algorithm to adjust the networks weights. The weight adaptation is online and the stability of the proposed controller in the sense of Lyapunov is studied. Conclusion Simulations are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller under various road conditions and parameter uncertainties. Poursamad A. Mechatronics 2009; 19: 767–773.

Why the study needs to be done How helps advance the field Writing your abstract Antilock braking systems are designed to control the wheel slip, such that the braking force is maximized and steerability is maintained during braking. However, the control of antilock braking systems is a challenging problem due to nonlinear braking dynamics and the uncertain and time-varying nature of the parameters. This paper presents an adaptive neural network-based hybrid controller for antilock braking systems. The hybrid controller is based on the well-known feedback linearization, combined with two feedforward neural networks that are proposed so as to learn the nonlinearities of the antilock braking system associated with feedback linearization controller. The adaptation law is derived based on the structure of the controller, using steepest descent gradient approach and backpropagation algorithm to adjust the networks weights. The weight adaptation is online and the stability of the proposed controller in the sense of Lyapunov is studied. Simulations are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller under various road conditions and parameter uncertainties. Why the study needs to be done What was done What was found How helps advance the field Poursamad A. Mechatronics 2009; 19: 767–773.

download: liwenbianji.cn/BUAA_2014 Section 4 Peer review

What reviewers are looking for Relevant hypothesis Good study design Appropriate methodology Good data analyses Valid conclusions The study Logical flow of information Manuscript structure and formatting Appropriate references High readability The manuscript

Writing response letters Read by the journal editor, not the reviewers Respond to every reviewer comment Refer to line and page numbers Easy to see changes Use a different color font Highlight the text Highlight the text

Agreeing with reviewers Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results. Response: We agree with the reviewer’s assessment of the analysis. Our tailored function, in its current form, makes it difficult to tell that this measurement constitutes a significant improvement over previously reported values. We describe our new analysis using a Gaussian fitting function in our revised Results section (Page 6, Lines 12–18). Agreement Revisions Location

Disagreeing with reviewers Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results. Response: Although a simple Gaussian fit would facilitate comparison with the results of other studies, our tailored function allows for the analysis of the data in terms of the Smith model [Smith et al., 1998]. We have now explained the use of this function and the Smith model in our revised Discussion section (Page 12, Lines 2–6). Evidence Revisions Location

“Unfair” reviewer comments Reviewer comment: Currently, the authors’ conclusion that their new material is suitable for all tropical conditions is not completely valid because they only evaluated its efficiency in Asia. This material should also be tested in other tropical regions in Africa and/or South America. Reasons why reviewers might make these comments Current results are not appropriate for the scope or the impact factor of the journal Reviewer is being “unfair”

First, contact the journal editor if you feel reviewer is being unfair “Unfair” comments What you should do First, contact the journal editor if you feel reviewer is being unfair Do the experiments, revise, and resubmit Withdraw submission and resubmit current manuscript to a lower impact factor journal

Be an effective communicator Your goal should not only to be published, but also to be widely read/cited Good research design Choose the best journal Logically organize your ideas Navigate through peer review

Jeffrey Robens: jrobens@edanzgroup.com Any questions? 谢谢！ Jeffrey Robens: jrobens@edanzgroup.com 下载完整版PDF讲义 liwenbianji.cn/BUAA_2014 e.weibo.com/liwenbianji 关注理文编辑新浪微博：理文编辑 blog.sciencenet.cn/u/liwenbianji 关注理文编辑科学网博客：理文编辑