1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

2. کارگاه مقاله نویسی Paper Writing (HOW TO)

3. How to: 1-Design 2-Write 3-Submit 4-Revise

4. Designing

5. How to:

6. 1-Find a subject

7. 2-Design a proposal

8. 3-Perform a protocol

9. 4- process the findings

10. Manuscript (MS) Writing

11. Types of papers 1-Research (original) paper 2-Clinical trial
3-Review articles (three types):
* literature reviews
* systematic reviews
* meta-analyses
4-Short communication
5-Editorial
6-Letter to editor
7-Case report

12. Different parts of a manuscript
1-Title page
2-Abstract
3-Introdcuction
4-Materials & Methods
5-Results
6-Discussion
7-Conclusions
8-References

13. Also 9-Running title (head) 10-Keywords 11-Figure legends
12-Acknowledgements
13-Funding
14-Cover letter
15-Suggested referees
16-Author contributions
17-Conflict of interest
18-Highlights
19-Complementary
20-Abbreviations
21-IRCT

14. Title page
Title
Names of the Authors
Authors’ qualifications and affiliations
Running title
Address for correspondence

15. How to:

16. 1-Prepare an "Introduction"

17. Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

18. Before everything read Several relevant reviews

19. importance of the study (What is known)
(according to the variables)
What is unknown
Relevant studies
Question/aim

20. 2-Explain "Methods"

21. Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced.
Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.

22. Study design
Subjects/participants,
groups,
(place and Date)
Procedures
Materials
Ethical considerations
Data analysis

23. 3-Analyze data Consult specialists, how to consider the findings

24. Base on type of distribution data are: A- Parametric or
B- Non-parametric

25. A- Parametric 1- Paired t-test & unpeired t-test
To compare just two groups of data
2- ANOVA (one, two..way, or repeated) with post test
To compare more than two groups
3- K square or Fischer exact test
To analyze percentages
4- Regression
To analyze level of relevancy of data
B- Non-parametric

26. B- Non-parametric

27. 4-Report "Results"

28. Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Present the data organized.
Select appropriate titles and subtitles.
Avoid ambiguous sentences
Make comparisons rationally (very important)
Give significances (General and post tests)

29. 5-Provide "Figures" & "Tables"

30. Use figures when you need to visualize the results
1- linear
2- Histogram …

31. Flowchart

32. Use Tables when you need to present plenty data

33. 6-Include "Figure legends“ Follow the journal policy

34. 7-Discuss findings

35. Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them.

36. The purpose
Result
Possible explanation
agreement with other studies
Contradiction with other studies
Possible explanations for discrepancy or similarities

37. 8-Give a "Conclusion"

38. Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

39. 9-Write an "Abstract"

40. Abstract
1-Structured including:
Background
Methods
Findings
Conclusion
2-Unstructured Abstract

41. 10-Check "Consistency" of MS (extremely important)

42. MS Submitting

43. How to:

44. 1-Provide "Highlights"

45. 2-Introduce "Suggested referees“
Reviewer characteristics
Name
Department
Address
Relation

46. 3-Write "Acknowledgements"

47. 4-Describe "Funding“ Usually is related to financial support
-University
-Institute
-Company
-People

48. 5-Consider "Conflict of interest“
To declare any personal or financial competition

49. 6-Explain “Author contributions“ Who, how (…) share the work.

50. 7-Write a "Cover letter“ (Experimental- Clinical- Revision)

51. 8-Request a "waiver“
To request the editor to ignore all or some part of the page charge

52. 9-Find an "Appropriate journal“

53. Based on:
1- Level of the data
2- Impact factor of the journal
3- Scope of the journal

54. Impact factor
impact factor = Y/X
impact factor 2017
Y’= the total number citations in indexed journals during 2017
‘X’ = total number of articles published in 2015 and 2016

55. Impact factor
1-ISI based
2-Scopus based …
Impact factor is measurable for:
People
Journal
University
Country

56. Impact factor
-Usually include self citations
-But can be measured self citation excluded

57. MS Revising

58. How to:

59. 1-Comply with referee's comments

60. Editors letter:
Decision on the manuscript No:
1- Comments of the referees are against the manuscript, so I regret to ….
2- the referees recommend that the manuscript is publishable in the journal however….

61. Referee's comments:
Reviewer 1
Reviewer 2 .
1-Comprehensive comments
2-Major comments
3-Minor comments

62. You can: 1-Reject “referee's comments”
2-Just make responses (in response to referees)
3-Apply modifications

63. 4-Answer “questions” one by one

64. 3-Apply “modifications”

65. 5-Provide a revised “cover letter”

66. 6-Manage a “rejected MS”