Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies

European Rivals What country was England’s biggest threat in trade? France was Great Britain’s biggest rival in trade and colonization. What did some Native American tribes think was the only way to survive the conflicts between Britain and France? Tribes thought the only way to survive the conflicts was to take sides.

European Rivals Who allied with the French? The Algonquin and the Hurons Who allied with the English? Iroquois

Chapter 5 Events Terms Due on Thursday, September 27 French and Indian War Albany Plan of Union Treaty of Paris, 1763* Pontiac’s War Proclamation of 1763 Stamp Act Townshend Acts Boston Massacre Tea Act Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Quebec Act First Continental Congress Battles of Lexington and Concord

French and Indian War Cause: The Governor of Virginia sent Washington to build a fort in the Ohio River Valley. Effect: Washington attacked the French but later surrendered.

French and Indian War Cause: Delegates from seven colonies met in Albany, NY to work toward unity. Effect: No colonial assembly approved the Albany Plan of Union.

French and Indian War Cause: General Braddock ignored Indian scouts’ warnings near Fort Duquesne. Effect: The French launched a surprise attack; Braddock and many other English were killed.

French and Indian War Cause: William Pitt became the Prime Minister in Great Britain. Effect: Pitt sent his best generals to North America.

French and Indian War Cause: Britain surprised the French and won the Battle of Quebec. Effect: The fighting between England and France ended in North America.

Key People and Places George Washington-son of wealthy parents; gifted at mathematics; worked as a surveyor; led 150 men into the Ohio Country to build a British fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers met; launched a surprise attack on French forces near Fort Duquesne that started the French and Indian War Fort Duquesne (pages 143 and 144)-French fort at the beginning of the French and Indian War; site of first battles; renamed Fort Pitt after the British captured it

Key People and Places Fort Necessity-make-shift stockade Washington and his troops built to protect themselves from French attack Benjamin Franklin-delegate from Pennsylvania who proposed the Albany Plan of Union Albany Plan of Union-proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies

Key People and Places General Edward Braddock-British general who died in a battle near Fort Duquesne after refusing to follow Native American warnings William Pitt-became head of British government in 1757 and sent his best generals to North America in an effort to win the French and Indian War Treaty of Paris, 1763-a 1763 agreement between Britain and France that ended the French and Indian War; it marked the end of French power in North America

Taxation without Representation What was the cause of Pontiac’s War? The British raised prices of goods and settlers built farms and forts on Indian lands.

Taxation without Representation What did the Proclamation of 1763 state? Colonists could not move beyond the crest of the Appalachian Mountains.

Taxation without Representation How did colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763? The proclamation made colonists angry, so many ignored the law and moved west anyway.

Taxation without Representation Why did Parliament pass the Sugar Act in 1764? England was deep in debt after the French and Indian War.

Taxation without Representation What reason did the colonists have for protesting the Stamp Act? Colonists insisted that taxation without representation went against English traditions.

Taxation without Representation What did the Townshend Acts create besides new taxes? Officers were allowed to inspect cargo without giving a reason.

Taxation without Representation What activities did the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty organize? Protests, mock hangings, petitions, boycotts

Taxation without Representation Identify the following: Samuel Adams Mercy Otis Warren Patrick Henry Samuel Adams-skilled at organizing people, protests, and stirring public support; one of the leaders of the Sons of Liberty Mercy Otis Warren-wrote plays that made fun of British officials Patrick Henry-often gave passionate speeches in the Virginia House of Burgesses-“Give me liberty or give me death”

Boston Massacre What led to the event? Taxes and quartering of soldiers Who were involved in the Boston Massacre? British soldiers and Boston colonists When did the event occur? March 5, 1770 How many people died in the Boston Massacre? Only five people died. How did the colonists react? Protests, committee of correspondence, propaganda

Boston Massacre What happened to the soldiers? They were arrested and tried. Only two were punished by having an M branded on their thumbs. What happened in England on the same day? A bill was introduced to repeal most of the Townshend Acts.

Boston Massacre Crispus Attucks-free black sailor killed in the Boston Massacre Paul Revere-a Boston silversmith who fanned anti-British thoughts with his engraving of the Boston Massacre; *he also made a midnight ride on April 18, 1775 to warn the colonists that British soldiers were on their way to Concord, MA John Adams-Massachusetts lawyer who defended the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre

Taxation without Representation In what way did the Boston Massacre differ from earlier protests? British soldiers fired on unarmed colonists; five colonists died.

Boston Tea Party After the Quiz! Use pages 155-158 to answer Who led the party? What did they do? Where did this happen? When? Why did the Sons of Liberty do this? How did Great Britain respond? How did the colonies respond?

Tea Act The Tea Act was passed by Parliament in 1773. It lowered the price of tea by allowing the British East India Company to bypass merchants. The colonists refused to buy the tea because it included a tax. Boycotts resumed.

Boston Tea Party Use pages 155-158 to answer Who led the party? Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty What did they do? Dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor Where did this happen? Boston Harbor, MA

Boston Tea Party When? December 16, 1773 Why did the Sons of Liberty do this? They believed the Tea Act was a “trick” to make the colonists pay a tax to England.

Boston Tea Party How did Great Britain respond? With the Intolerable Acts: Closed the port of Boston Allowed only one town meeting per year Customs officials could be tried in Britain or Canada New Quartering Act

Boston Tea Party How did the colonies respond? Delegates from 12 colonies met in the First Continental Congress. They backed Massachusetts. The delegates called on each colony to form a militia. They agreed to meet in May 1775.

“Shot heard ‘round the World” Put these in chronological order. 1 Minutemen were collecting guns and gunpowder 2 April 18, 1775, 700 British troops left Boston for Concord 3 Paul Revere made a midnight ride to warn of the coming British 4 April 19, 1775, minutemen and British soldiers exchanged fire at Lexington 5 Minutemen and British fought on a bridge outside of Concord 6 British lost 73 men and 200 were missing or wounded

Chapter 5 TEST You may have a few minutes to look over your notes for your test today.