Earth’s surface absorbs mainly which types of energy? a. Ultraviolet light and x-rays c. Ultraviolet and infrared light b. Infrared and visible light d. Visible and ultraviolet light

Earth’s surface absorbs mainly which types of energy? a. Ultraviolet light and x-rays c. Ultraviolet and infrared light b. Infrared and visible light d. Visible and ultraviolet light

2. The energy source driving Earth’s weather comes from the Earth’s core through heat conduction. release of radiant heat energy through volcanic activity. the Sun through visible light d. the Moon through tides

2. The energy source driving Earth’s weather comes from the Earth’s core through heat conduction. release of radiant heat energy through volcanic activity. the Sun through visible light d. the Moon through tides

3. The Earth’s surface mainly gives off (radiates) which form of energy? Infrared light Visible light Ultraviolet light The Earth’s surface does not give off energy

3. The Earth’s surface mainly gives off (radiates) which form of energy? Infrared light Visible light Ultraviolet light The Earth’s surface does not give off energy

4. About 70% of the Sun’s energy directed toward Earth is absorbed by the Earth’s surface, clouds, and atmosphere. What happens to the rest of the energy? The energy is lost as it overcomes the Sun’s gravity. The energy is reflected by clouds, water, land back into space. The energy is diminished as it travels in space. The energy is reflected by the Moon back into space

4. About 70% of the Sun’s energy directed toward Earth is absorbed by the Earth’s surface, clouds, and atmosphere. What happens to the rest of the energy? The energy is lost as it overcomes the Sun’s gravity. The energy is reflected by clouds, water, land back into space. The energy is diminished as it travels in space. The energy is reflected by the Moon back into space

5. Weather is caused by the Sun’s energy warming the Earth’s surface unevenly. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to this uneven warming? Different surfaces warm at different rates. Different surfaces retain energy differently. The Sun is farther away during the winter. The Sun’s rays strike the surface at different angles due to latitude.

5. Weather is caused by the Sun’s energy warming the Earth’s surface unevenly. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to this uneven warming? Different surfaces warm at different rates. Different surfaces retain energy differently. The Sun is farther away during the winter. The Sun’s rays strike the surface at different angles due to latitude.

6. More of the Sun’s energy is received at the Earth’s tropics than in the arctic regions because the tropical regions are covered by a greater area of land. have more vegetation that absorbs the Sun’s energy. have a thinner atmosphere than the polar regions. receive sun rays closest to vertical.

6. More of the Sun’s energy is received at the Earth’s tropics than in the arctic regions because the tropical regions are covered by a greater area of land. have more vegetation that absorbs the Sun’s energy. have a thinner atmosphere than the polar regions. receive sun rays closest to vertical.

7. By percentage, the three most abundant gases in Earth’s atmosphere are: a. carbon dioxide, krypton, and neon b. hydrogen, helium, and xenon c. argon, nitrogen, and oxygen d. sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and chlorine

7. By percentage, the three most abundant gases in Earth’s atmosphere are: a. carbon dioxide, krypton, and neon b. hydrogen, helium, and xenon c. argon, nitrogen, and oxygen d. sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and chlorine

8. The most variable gas in our atmosphere is: a. oxygen b 8. The most variable gas in our atmosphere is: a. oxygen b. water vapor c. carbon dioxide d. nitrogen

8. The most variable gas in our atmosphere is: a. oxygen b 8. The most variable gas in our atmosphere is: a. oxygen b. water vapor c. carbon dioxide d. nitrogen

9. Certain atmospheric gases are thought of as “non-variable” since their abundance remains unchanged over vast periods of time. The two gases with the longest residence time in Earth’s atmosphere are: a. nitrogen and oxygen b. carbon dioxide and methane c. carbon monoxide and chlorine d. argon and helium

9. Certain atmospheric gases are thought of as “non-variable” since their abundance remains unchanged over vast periods of time. The two gases with the longest residence time in Earth’s atmosphere are: a. nitrogen and oxygen b. carbon dioxide and methane c. carbon monoxide and chlorine d. argon and helium

10. Earth’s early atmosphere gained oxygen through photosynthesis and ____________. a. cellular respiration b. photochemical dissociation c. reverse osmosis d. nitrogen fixation

10. Earth’s early atmosphere gained oxygen through photosynthesis and ____________. a. cellular respiration b. photochemical dissociation c. reverse osmosis d. nitrogen fixation

11. Volcanic outgassing was a major source for Earth’s early atmosphere. Another source which contributed significant quantities of gases to the atmosphere was: a. sublimation of Earth’s polar ice caps and thawing of arctic permafrost b. widespread burning of the Earth’s forests c. ejection of gaseous matter from a nearby supernova d. comets hit Earth, release gas as the comet vaporize

11. Volcanic outgassing was a major source for Earth’s early atmosphere. Another source which contributed significant quantities of gases to the atmosphere was: a. sublimation of Earth’s polar ice caps and thawing of arctic permafrost b. widespread burning of the Earth’s forests c. ejection of gaseous matter from a nearby supernova d. comets hit Earth, release gas as the comet vaporize

12. Which of the following are the two most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere? a. water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) b. carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) c. ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) d. nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2)

12. Which of the following are the two most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere? a. water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) b. carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) c. ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) d. nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2)

13. The greenhouse effect is: a 13. The greenhouse effect is: a. an undesired atmospheric phenomenon which should be eliminated b. directly responsible for the global cooling which resulted in our last ice age c. a recent atmospheric event due solely to the actions of humans burning fossil fuels d. an increase in atmospheric temperature due to gases that absorb and retain heat radiation

13. The greenhouse effect is: a 13. The greenhouse effect is: a. an undesired atmospheric phenomenon which should be eliminated b. directly responsible for the global cooling which resulted in our last ice age c. a recent atmospheric event due solely to the actions of humans burning fossil fuels d. an increase in atmospheric temperature due to gases that absorb and retain heat radiation

14. Carbon dioxide is best known of the greenhouse gases, but___________ is the most abundant. a. chlorofluorocarbon b. nitrous oxide c. water vapor d. methane

14. Carbon dioxide is best known of the greenhouse gases, but___________ is the most abundant. a. chlorofluorocarbon b. nitrous oxide c. water vapor d. methane

22. By studying the accompanying diagram, we can discern that: a. Earth’s surface reflects more solar radiation than do the clouds b. Earth reflects 100% of the solar radiation it receives c. more solar radiation is absorbed just by the surface than is reflected in total d. the atmosphere and clouds are able to absorb more solar radiation than Earth’s surface

22. By studying the accompanying diagram, we can discern that: a. Earth’s surface reflects more solar radiation than do the clouds b. Earth reflects 100% of the solar radiation it receives c. more solar radiation is absorbed just by the surface than is reflected in total d. the atmosphere and clouds are able to absorb more solar radiation than Earth’s surface

23. As solar radiation reaches Earth’s atmosphere, all the following occurs EXCEPT: a. some radiation is reflected b. some radiation is scattered c. some radiation gets absorbed by gases d. some radiation decays into stable elements

23. As solar radiation reaches Earth’s atmosphere, all the following occurs EXCEPT: a. some radiation is reflected b. some radiation is scattered c. some radiation gets absorbed by gases d. some radiation decays into stable elements

24. The term __________ refers to the reflectivity of a surface or substance. a. albedo b. convection c. insolation d. radiation

24. The term __________ refers to the reflectivity of a surface or substance. a. albedo b. convection c. insolation d. radiation

25. Based on the accompanying graphic, which Earth surface has the highest albedo?

25. Based on the accompanying graphic, which Earth surface has the highest albedo? D.snow

26. Convection distributes heat energy by: a 26. Convection distributes heat energy by: a. transporting groups of molecules from one place to another within a substance b. transferring energy without the involvement of a physical substance in the transmission c. direct, point-to-point contact with static, neighboring molecules d. emitting alpha and beta particles from unstable atomic nuclei

26. Convection distributes heat energy by: a 26. Convection distributes heat energy by: a. transporting groups of molecules from one place to another within a substance b. transferring energy without the involvement of a physical substance in the transmission c. direct, point-to-point contact with static, neighboring molecules d. emitting alpha and beta particles from unstable atomic nuclei

27. A sea breeze occurs during __________ as warm air above land rises and cold air over ocean water sinks, causing a convection cell which moves air from the __________. a. daytime / land out to the ocean b. nighttime / land out to the ocean c. nighttime / ocean in towards the land d. daytime / ocean in towards the land

27. A sea breeze occurs during __________ as warm air above land rises and cold air over ocean water sinks, causing a convection cell which moves air from the __________. a. daytime / land out to the ocean b. nighttime / land out to the ocean c. nighttime / ocean in towards the land d. daytime / ocean in towards the land

31. A deflection of winds and currents resulting from Earth’s rotation is the: a. Coriolis Effect b. Greenhouse Effect c. Tectonic Effect d. Adiabatic Effect

31. A deflection of winds and currents resulting from Earth’s rotation is the: a. Coriolis Effect b. Greenhouse Effect c. Tectonic Effect d. Adiabatic Effect

32. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis Effect causes masses of air to be deflected to the __________ of their original direction of motion. a. south b. left c. north d. right

32. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis Effect causes masses of air to be deflected to the __________ of their original direction of motion. a. south b. left c. north d. right

Closeness of Particles Attraction between Particles   Solid Liquid Gas Particle Arrangement Fixed Random Closeness of Particles Close Far Apart Attraction between Particles Strong Moderate Little to none Motion of Particles Particles vibrate about fixed sites Particles slide over each other Particles move constantly and randomly Volume Definite volume Takes the volume of its container Shape Definite shape Takes the shape of its container (the part it fills) Takes the shape of its container Density High density High density ( lower than that of the a solid) Low density Flow Does not flow Flows easily