1. Heat in the Atmosphere
The sun’s energy is transferred to earth and the atmosphere three ways
Radiation, Convection and Conduction

2. Temperature vs. Heat These are (2) different things
Temperature – measurement of how rapidly or slowly molecules move around
Heat – transfer of the energy that occurs as a result of a difference in temperature between substances. (Ice Cube in Bowl of Hot Water)
TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR EVERY WEATHER RELATED EVENT!!!!

3. Radiation
The transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves
Does not heat the earth directly

4. Convection The transfer of heat by the flow of heated material
Pockets of air near earth’s surface are heated and rise
The rising air begins to cool and sinks
Convection currents are responsible for most weather
Warmer less dense air rises, cooler more dense air sinks

5. Conduction
The transfer of energy that occurs when molecules collide or touch
Substances must be in contact with one another
Conduction only affects the more dense lower atmosphere
The denser the material, the closer the atoms, the better the conductor

6. Match the type of energy transfer
Convection
Radiation
Conduction B A C B C

7. All the frequencies and wavelengths of radiation
Includes radio, micro, infrared, visible light, UV, X-rays, and gamma rays

8. Solar EM Radiation Penetration
High energy radiation filtered out in upper atmosphere
Much infrared also filtered in stratosphere

9. Layers of the Atmosphere and Solar Radiation:
Thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere filters all wavelengths shorter than visible light
Near the Earth's surface, the sunlight that does reach the ground warms the Earth, which in turn warms the air immediately above it.
In the troposphere carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane absorb infrared rays and keeps energy in troposphere
Visible light is barely filtered in the atmosphere

10. Reflection: Scattering: Albedo:
The disruption and bending of solar rays, allows light to come in at all angles and causes the sky to be blue
Scattering:
Solar energy that reaches the Earth and is reflected back depending on characteristics such as color, texture, composition, volume, mass, transparency, state of matter, intensity of light, and amount of time exposed
Albedo:
The fraction of solar radiation that is reflected off the surface

12. How Do We Affect the Atmosphere?
The greenhouse effect keeps the earth warm
The sun’s energy is trapped in the troposphere
Also called Global warming (rise in Earth’s surface temperatures)
Polar ice can melt & sea level can rise naturally
The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases in the air absorb and reradiate the infrared radiation (heat)

14. Greenhouse Gases carbon dioxide (CO2) mainly from fossil fuels
methane (CH4) produced by animals & other natural sources
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's)
tropospheric ozone (O3) comes mainly from industry and traffic
nitrous oxide (N2O) produced naturally in soils and when the land is fertilized.

15. Global Climate Change:
If the amount of solar energy that enters the atmosphere is equal to the amount that escapes then the average temperature will remain constant A reduction of solar energy escaping back into space, results in higher global temperatures (Global Climate Change) Changes in the amounts of GHG in the atmosphere have been shown to be a factor in GCC Human use of resources has led to increased CO2, CH4, CFC, N2O and Water vapor in the atmosphere

19. Effect of the Angle of the Sun
The more direct the sunlight, the higher the temperatures because the energy is concentrated in a smaller area
As a result, seasons are determined by the tilt of the Earth 23.5 o
Therefore, we are angled towards the sun during summer and away during winter
We are closer to the sun during the winter and farther away during the summer