“Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities” Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov)

Session Objectives Articulate the Pride Theory of Change. Distinguish between the two strategies that comprise Pride. Assess the collective ToC equation from the regional orientation sessions and individual applications. Use collective ToC as a point of reference throughout workshop.

“Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities” Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov)

Rare’s Theory of Change How campaigns inspire people to adopt conservation on the scale we need to succeed.

CR Conservation Result What are we trying to conserve? Rare’s Theory of Change Changing our environment

K Knowledge Changing minds What knowledge is needed to increase awareness and shift attitudes? CR Conservation Result Rare’s Theory of Change

A Attitude Changing beliefs What attitudes need to shift in order for these conversations to take place? K Knowledge CR Conservation Result Rare’s Theory of Change

IC Interpersonal communications Changing the dialogue What conversations are needed for people to encourage adoption of new behaviors? A Attitude K Knowledge CR Conservation Result Rare’s Theory of Change

Barrier Removal BR Changing the incentives What are the barriers to the adoption of these new behaviors? Social? Political? Economic? Technological? How can we remove them? Rare’s Theory of Change IC Interpersonal Communications A Attitude K Knowledge CR Conservation Result

BC Behavior Change Changing behavior What behavior for which group must change in order to reduce this threat? BR Barrier Removal IC Interpersonal Communications A Attitude K Knowledge CR Conservation Result

BC Behavior Change TR Threat Reduction BR Barrier Removal IC Interpersonal Communications A Attitude K Knowledge CR Conservation Result Changing level of threat What are the main threats to biodiversity? Which can we reduce? Rare’s Theory of Change

“Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities” Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov)

K +K + BC TR CR A + BR IC +

K +K + BC TR CR A + BR IC + What are we trying to conserve? What are the main threats to biodiversity? Which can we reduce? What behavior for which group must change in order to reduce this threat? What are the barriers to the adoption of these new behaviors? Social? Political? Economic? Technological? How can we remove them? What conversations are needed for people to encourage adoption of new behaviors? What attitudes need to shift in order for these conversations to take place? What knowledge is needed to increase awareness and shift attitudes?

Reducing threats to Conservation Public Outreach and Environmental Education Science Classic Organizational Layout e.g. IECe.g. ICRM Plan

Conservation Results Social Marketing: Community Engagement & Outreach Conservation Strategy & Site Management

Threat Reduction & Conservation Result Changes in Knowledge Attitude Interpersonal Communication Social Marketing Strategy for Conservation Results Changes in Barrier Removal & Behaviour Change

TR + CR K + A + ICBR + BC Social Marketing Strategy for Conservation Results Social Marketing CampaignBarrier Removal Plan

Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov) Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov)

1. Once you move you have to find a new seat. 2. The “Walker” can not run. 3. Stop the Walker getting to the spare seat.

“Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities” Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov)

SitesKAICBRBCTRCR CCEF SL PENRMO Coral Cay Conservation Negros Oriental ENRD Guilhulngan LGU Inabanga LGU Maribojoc Bohol PAO Lanuza LGU Cortes LGU Cantilan LGU SDGF Samal Island LGU DENR Region 5 NSLC Inc. ABCDEF

GROUP FEEDBACK ON SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES

“WALKING ALONG THE ROAD ALONE”

“Strengthening MPA Management through Local Communities” Philippine Environmental Governance Project (EcoGov)

Philippines Generic Theory of Change Conservation Result Over 2 years biodiversity health increase at Pride sites as compared to control sites is shown by the following indicators:  Increased coral reef health  Increased fish numbers/biomass/species richness  Increased invertebrate numbers /species richness  Increased perceived fish catch Threat Reduction The biggest direct threats to biodiversity health are: Poaching / Over fishing & Destructive Fishing Practices due to fishing in the MPAs. These threats can be reduced when the MPA rules are actively enforced leading to an increase in arrests and prosecutions of intruders into the MPA. Also the Community Adults & Fishers voluntarily comply with MPA rules. This will result in less fish being taken from the MPAs. Behavior Change Changes in the behavior of community groups are:  Community members no longer fishing within the no take zone (NTZ) - Not fishing in NTZ (Community Fishers)  Community become vigilant in passing intelligence about intrusions through community watchdog and intelligence network - Reporting (Community Adults) Barrier Removal Barriers to Behavior Change:  Lack of enforcement infrastructure and capacity  Lack of disincentive for law breaking  Lack of governance structure with clarity of roles and responsibilities.  Lack of alternative incomes for fishing in the MPAs.  Social and biological isolation of individual MPAs The most feasible and impactful barrier removal strategies are:  MPA Governance (Monitoring, Planning, Management, Organizational Development)  MPA Enforcement  Alternative Livelihoods – mari-culture and land based livelihoods, user fees and community tourism services  Scaling up social & biological MPA networks Key stakeholders for implementation of Barrier Removal: Community Fishers Community Adults Local support Institutions (NGOs, academic, Local Government, civil society, police and enforcers, mayor, judiciary and National Government agencies) Private Sector (development banks, local businesses, tourism industry) MPA Management Committee Interpersonal Communication What people will be talking about: The dialogue shifts from a fatalist view of the decline in marine productivity as inevitable, to a call to action for the community to take a pro-active role in taking control of their marine waters through the MPA highlighting their ability to play a part in managing local marine resources. Community discussion centers around what role each person / sector can take to help improve the MPA management and better manage the marine resources of their local coastline. The majority of the community members have a voice and role in the maintenance and management of the MPA through the MPA management committee general assembly. How to stimulate these conversations: These dialogues occur at community meetings (at village, municipality and provincial levels), church, radio talk shows, MPA guard houses, schools and festivals. Attitude  Community members realize that it is “very important” to begin to manage marine resources and that an MPA is the best locally available starting point for management  Shifts perceptions from negative fish crisis and inability to take action to a more pro-active, positive and empowered community that have been empowered to manage the MPA and thereby protect their marine resources and in effect secure their food security and livelihoods.  Shifts from negative attitudes that see MPAs as a restriction on their livelihood and fishing shift to perception of the MPA as a food security “bank of the sea” that brings benefits to the whole community and future generations in the form of dividends of increased fish catch around the MPA Knowledge  MPAs can have significant community benefits for fisheries and other economic opportunities (fish catch, alternative livelihoods, community cohesiveness and problem solving)  The local institutions and legal structure to manage MPAs exists  Examples of success exist in other communities around the Philippines which this community can emulate

Philippines Generic Theory of Change Conservation Result Over 2 years biodiversity health increase at Pride sites as compared to control sites is shown by the following indicators:  Increased coral reef health  Increased fish numbers/biomass/species richness  Increased invertebrate numbers /species richness  Increased perceived fish catch Threat Reduction The biggest direct threats to biodiversity health are: Poaching / Over fishing & Destructive Fishing Practices due to fishing in the MPAs. These threats can be reduced when the MPA rules are actively enforced leading to an increase in arrests and prosecutions of intruders into the MPA. Also the Community Adults & Fishers voluntarily comply with MPA rules. This will result in less fish being taken from the MPAs.

Philippines Generic Theory of Change Behavior Change Changes in the behavior of community groups are:  Community members no longer fishing within the no take zone (NTZ) - Not fishing in NTZ (Community Fishers)  Community become vigilant in passing intelligence about intrusions through community watchdog and intelligence network - Reporting (Community Adults)

Philippines Generic Theory of Change Barrier Removal Barriers to Behavior Change:  Lack of enforcement infrastructure and capacity  Lack of disincentive for law breaking  Lack of governance structure with clarity of roles and responsibilities.  Lack of alternative incomes for fishing in the MPAs.  Social and biological isolation of individual MPAs The most feasible and impactful barrier removal strategies are:  MPA Governance (Monitoring, Planning, Management, Organizational Development)  MPA Enforcement  Alternative Livelihoods – mari-culture and land based livelihoods, user fees and community tourism services  Scaling up social & biological MPA networks Key stakeholders for implementation of Barrier Removal: Community Fishers Community Adults Local support Institutions (NGOs, academic, Local Government, civil society, police and enforcers, mayor, judiciary and National Government agencies) Private Sector (development banks, local businesses, tourism industry) MPA Management Committee

Philippines Generic Theory of Change Interpersonal Communication What people will be talking about: The dialogue shifts from a fatalist view of the decline in marine productivity as inevitable, to a call to action for the community to take a pro-active role in taking control of their marine waters through the MPA highlighting their ability to play a part in managing local marine resources. Community discussion centers around what role each person / sector can take to help improve the MPA management and better manage the marine resources of their local coastline. The majority of the community members have a voice and role in the maintenance and management of the MPA through the MPA management committee general assembly. How to stimulate these conversations: These dialogues occur at community meetings (at village, municipality and provincial levels), church, radio talk shows, MPA guard houses, schools and festivals.

Philippines Generic Theory of Change Attitude  Community members realize that it is “very important” to begin to manage marine resources and that an MPA is the best locally available starting point for management  Shifts perceptions from negative fish crisis and inability to take action to a more pro-active, positive and empowered community that have been empowered to manage the MPA and thereby protect their marine resources and in effect secure their food security and livelihoods.  Shifts from negative attitudes that see MPAs as a restriction on their livelihood and fishing shift to perception of the MPA as a food security “bank of the sea” that brings benefits to the whole community and future generations in the form of dividends of increased fish catch around the MPA Knowledge  MPAs can have significant community benefits for fisheries and other economic opportunities (fish catch, alternative livelihoods, community cohesiveness and problem solving)  The local institutions and legal structure to manage MPAs exists  Examples of success exist in other communities around the Philippines which this community can emulate

“WALKING ALONG THE ROAD TOGETHER FOR CONSERVATION”