Toward Independence Chapter 5

I. Before 1763 A.Dealing with Growth 1.More than 1 million people by British government mostly left colonies to solve own problems B.Conflict in the Ohio Valley – French built Fort Duquesne (present-day Pittsburgh) 2.Virginia governor ordered militia (led by Washington) to drive French out of Ohio Valley C.French & Indian War 1. Struggle between France and Britain for territory and power a)Native Americans fought with France – Britain sent 1400 soldiers to Virginia - 2/3 were killed 3. War lasted 7 years a)1759 – British captured Canada b)1763 – peace treaty signed with Canada going to Britain

French & Indian War

II. Early British Actions A.Proclamation of Drew a line down the crest of Appalachian Mountains ordering settlers to stay east and Indians to stay west B.Stamp Act (1765) C. Quartering Act (1765)

Quartering & Stamp Act

III. Townshend Act A.Townshend Act (1767) B.Boycott of British Goods 1.Led by Samuel Adams a)Colonies decided to boycott British goods b)Women found many ways to avoid buying imports C.Repeal of the Townshend Acts 1.Lord North (new head of British government) saw acts as money-loser because of boycott – North persuaded Parliament to repeal all of the taxes except for the one on tea

IV. Boston Massacre A.Trouble Brewing – 4 regiments of troops sent to keep order in Boston B.Mob Violence Breaks Out 1.March 5, 1770 – mob throws rocks and snowballs at troops guarding Customs House a)Troops panicked and opened fire b)Resulted in 5 dead, 10 injured C.Massacre or Self-Defense 1.John Adams defended the soldiers (believing in right to a fair trial) a)Argued that troops acted in self-defense b)Jury found 6 not guilty. 2 guilty of manslaughter

Townshend Act & Boston Massacre

V. Boston Tea Party A.Tea Act (1773) B.Tea Ships Arrive 1.Protestors kept them from unloading 2.Governor ordered tea ships not to leave until unloaded 3.December 16, 1773 – 50 men (Sons of Liberty) dressed as Mohawk Indians boarded the ships and dumped tea overboard a) 90,000 lbs of tea dumped into sea

Boston Tea Party

VI. Intolerable Acts (1774) A.Parliament Punishes Massachusetts 1.Closed Boston Harbor to all shipping until tea paid for 2.Placed government of Massachusetts under British control 3.More troops sent to enforce B.Colonies Begin to Unite 1.Merchants closed up shop 2.Colonies sent food and money to Boston 3.Virginia called for a meeting of delegates from all colonies C.First Continental Congress (1774) 1.leaders from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia 2.Agreed to send respectful message to King George urging him to consider their complaints and recognize their rights 3.Called for a new boycott of British goods D. Colonies Form Militias 1.Committees appointed to enforce boycott 2.Organized local militia (minutemen)

VII. Lexington & Concord A.Message Received? 1.King George refused an answer 2.King’s commander prepared for war B.First Blow at Lexington (April 1775) 1.Spy told British general of large supply of ammunition Patriots were hiding in Concord 2.General order 700 troops to march 20 miles at night and seize weapons 3.Colonists had own spies and saw everything – Paul Revere (“The British are coming”) 4.Minutemen gathered at Lexington, ordered not to fire unless fired upon. 5.Shots rang out as British troops arrived a)8 colonists dead b)10 wounded c)British continued on to Concord

VII. Lexington & Concord C.Second Blow at Concord 1.By time British arrived, colonists had moved ammunition 2.Nearby minutemen marched in as British opened fire a)Americans stood ground and British retreated with 4,000 minutemen lining the way back to Boston British soldiers dead and 200 wounded or missing colonists dead and 41 wounded

Battle of Lexington