Arthritis and Other Joint Conditions

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Presentation transcript:

Arthritis and Other Joint Conditions

Arthritis Types Rheumatoid Arthritis OsteoArthritis Infectious (Septic) Arthritis

Other Joint Conditions Gout Pseudogout Torn/Strained Ligaments Torn Cartilage Tendinitis Bursitis

Rheumatoid Arthritis Description: Inflames Synovial Membranes in joint Abnormal Immune System Activity Synovial Tissue Thickens Causes ongoing inflammation and cartilage breakdown

Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms: Pain, stiffness, swelling in joints of hands, wrists, elbows, feet, ankles, knees, and neck Diagnosis: joint examination, medical history, several tests Risk Factors: Age, Gender (female), genetic susceptibility, smoking

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: Physical Therapy: exercise, heat/cold, massage Occupational Therapy Biofeedback (to control pain) Counselling Accupuncture Supplements Blood Filtering (severe cases)

OsteoArthritis Description: Cartilage breakdown in joints; eventually can cause bone damage Symptoms: pain in joints, limited Range of Motion, tenderness/swelling, creaking joints, deformity

OsteoArthritis Diagnosis: Physical Exam, X-Rays, Blood Tests Risk Factors: Age, Gender (female), previous joint injuries, obesity, weak thigh muscles (for knee), contracting gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or hemochromatosis

OsteoArthritis Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Acetomeniphen, corticosteroids, hyaluron injections Surgery: arthroscopy, osteomoty, joint replacement, hip replacement, arthrodesis (fusing)

Infectious/Septic Arthritis Description: joint inflammation as a result of an infection by bacteria, virus, parasites, or fungi; can damage tissue Symptoms: joint pain, redness, swelling, decreased ROM, weight loss, fatigue, fever/chills

Infectious/Septic Arthritis Diagnosis: blood tests, bone scans, X-Rays, MRI, CT scans, Bone Biopsy Risk Factors: weakened immune system, metal inplants (joints, screws), diabetes, removed spleen, gonorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, immuno-depressant drugs

Infectious/Septic Arthritis Treatment: Treat infection: antibiotics, antiviral drugs Drain fluid around joint Surgery

Gout Description: High concentration of urate crystals in blood Symptoms: inflammation/tenderness, pain, redness (usually in the foot) Diagnosis: Urine Tests, Blood Tests

Gout Risk Factors:Excessive alcohol consumption, High BP, Diabetes, High cholesterol, Genetics, Age, Gender (male) Treatment: Medication: NSAIDS, corticosteroids, uric acid lowering medications Adjust diet and alcohol consumption

Pseudogout Description: Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate crystals in blood Symptoms: inflammation, tenderness, redness, joint pain Diagnosis: X-Rays, Joint fluid analysis

Pseudogout Risk Factors: Age, Joint trama, Genetic disorder, Excess iron in blood Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Colchicine Joint Aspiration Rest

Torn/Strained Ligaments Description: Stretched/Torn Ligaments (ligaments hold bones together in a joint) Symptoms: Pain, Swelling. Limited mobility, Joint instability Diagnosis: Physical Exam, X-Rays, MRI

Torn/Strained Ligaments Risk Factors: Previous injury, “loose” ligaments Treatment: RICE Rehabilitation Medication: NSAIDS Surgery

Torn Cartilage Description: torn cartilage (cartilage is the soft tissue between bone ends in a joint) Symptoms: instant pain, swelling, “locked” joint Diagnosis: Physical Exam, MRI

Torn Cartilage Risk Factors: none known Treatment: Rehabilitation Arthroscopic Surgery Invasive Surgery

Tendinitis Description: inflammation of or microtears in tendon (tendon connects muscle to bone) Symptoms: gradually increasing pain, sore to touch, swelling, stiffness Diagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical/ Activity History, MRI, X-Rays

Tendinitis Risk Factors: repetitive tasks Treatment: Ice/Heat “Cho-Pat” Straps NSAIDS Surgery

Bursitis Description: Swelling of the bursa (fluid pouch around joint) Symptoms: Swell/Pain when pressure applied, pain, stiffness Diagnosis: Physical Exam, Medical History, Draw Bursa Fluid for testing

Bursitis Risk Factors: Repetitive tasks; people who work on their knees (carpet layers, roofers, gardeners) Treatment: Medications: NSAIDS, Corticosteroids Ice Drain extra fluids Surgery