1. Osteoarthritis Name : Abdulaziz Bader ID: 341101425

2. Definition Osteoarthritis (OA): is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of the joint's cartilage. the most common form of arthritis

3. Pathology OA is caused by the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage is the tough elastic material that covers and protects the ends of bones. In osteoarthritis the cartilage gradually becomes rough and thin, and the bone underneath thickens. Over time the cartilage may wear away entirely, and the bones will rub together and cause pain and swelling in the joint between bones.

4. Causes 1-unknown. 2-heredity. 3-excess weight (obesity) 4-joint injury 5-other disease RA. 6-high heel shoes.

5. Sign and symptoms Pain. Tenderness Stiffness. Loss of flexibility. Grating sensation. Bone spurs

6. Factor to distinguish OA and other disease. 1-Osteoarthritis usually occurs in older people after the age 45 years. 2-It is usually located in only one or a few joints. 3-The joints are less inflamed than in other arthritic conditions. 4-Progression of pain is almost always gradual. 5-It affects men and women in equal numbers but after the 50 age the women is more.

7. Diagnosis 1-history of symptoms 2-physical exam.. 3-blood test to detect (OA or RA). 4- x-ray

8. Complication of OA Stress fracture Bone death ( osteonecrosis ) Bleeding inside the joint Infection in the joint Pinched nerve ( in OA of the spine )

9. Treatment Medical: 1-Analgesics drugs: A) Acetaminophen :to relieve mild to moderate arthritis pain. B) Codeine preparation: to relive severe arthritis pain. S 2-Cream and gels: to temporary pain relief.

10. Joint irrigation: the joint space is flushed with fluid to remove cartilage debris, irritating crystals and other substance. *use to reduce pain, stiffness and tenderness and allow for increased physical activity. Corticosteroid: May be injected into the joint to relive severe inflammation. Cortisone as asteroid that reduce inflammation and swelling.

11. Physical Therapy physiotherapy treatment program will help: Reduce pain Improve movement and posture Strengthen muscles Improve independent function Assess and treat biomechanical problems that may exacerbate the pain and loss of function

12. Exercise can help: prevent the disability that result from inactivity. It promotes the health and normal function of muscles and bones. Exercise keeps the muscles toned reduces the risk of osteoporosis decreases the risk of heart disease.