1. 4 th Block Skeletal Diseases and Conditions Spring 2015

2. All about Scoliosis By: Ciera, lae, kyu, and Kevin

3. Scoliosis What is it? – A sideways curvature of the spine – Can it be treated? Yes, with physical exercise, stretching, a back brace, bone grafting and spinal fusion Symptoms: – Pain in back, physical deformity, muscle spasms, uneven waist, or leaning to one side

4. Sources Mayo Clinic

5. Doctor Project Group: Dominique Shaw, Amber Lee, Sarah Whittington and Anna Grace Chalmers

6. Diagnosis: Slipped Disc leading to a pinched nerve Causes: aging/ loss of elasticity, injury from improper lifting, excessive strain, physical activities Symptoms: numbness,muscle weakness, pain that can extend to to the arms and legs Mechanism: disc protrudes through outer layer and presses on nerves Treatment: medication such as muscle relaxers and nerve pain medication, in extreme cases surgery is needed

7. sources www.heathline.com www.medicinenet.com

8. Rheumatoid arthritis

9. Chronic inflammation disorder affected small joints in the hands and feet. It affects the lining in your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity It occurs when your immune system mistakenly attack your own body's tissues. It can also affect other organs of the body such as the skin, eyes lungs, and the blood vessels. The treatment usually consist of medications, occupational or physical therapy, or regular exercise. Sometimes surgery is used to correct joint damage. Sometimes surgery is used to correct joint damage.

10. Gout pain in the joints, ankle, foot, knee, or toe, can occur at night, can be severe or mild. can be controlled by drugs and diet. Pain and inflammation occur when too much uric acid crystallizes and deposits in the joints. Most common in people of age 41-60+ More common in men than women

11. Rickets By: Maddie Scott, Brooke Haynie, Rachel Darby, Valencia Haynes, Kayci Chrisley

12. Rickets Rickets: a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs.

13. Symptoms Delayed growth Pain in the spine, pelvis and legs Muscle weakness Bowed legs Thickened wrists and ankles Breastbone projection

15. Treatments Replace missing vitamin D (eat fish, liver, milk and eggs.) Positioning and bracing maybe used to reduce or correct deformities. Some skeletal deformities may require corrective surgery.

16. Cited sources nytimes.com heathland.com dictionary.com