Healthy Urban Planning: in-road to local health development WHO Healthy Cities Geoff Green Elisabeth Bengtsson Agis Tsouros

Challenges in Cities Growing health concerns in cities include Poverty and social exclusion Violence and Safety Pollution of air, water and land Substandard housing and unhealthy planning Poor employment conditions Stress and Sedentary lifestyles Poor quality food The unmet needs of vulnerable groups Lack of public involvement in decisions Growing inequalities

How does Urban Planning affect health? L o c a l H o s p i t a l ? Find a poignant image / poem / quote

How does Urban Planning affect health? Physical factors (some examples) Links Associated health issues Road severance Lack of facilities in neighbourhood (shops, places to go) Lack of local informal recreational opportunities (allotments, play parks) Unattractive, poorly designed pedestrian routes (road traffic dominated routes) Poor insulation, waste of solar insolation Lack of opportunity for food growing Lack of opportunity for informal interaction in the community Isolation Mental wellbeing Air-polluted local walking environments Fuel poverty Respiratory disease Lack of regular exercise Food deserts, poor diet Heart disease and Obesity issues WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Cities and Urban Policy

Healthy Urban Planning in Manchester A century ago towing planning and public health were working closely together but then they went their separate ways “Traffic will be to 21st century public health what sewage was to 19th century public health” 1853 2003 Typhoid Cholera Dysentery Scrofula Asthma Obesity Stress & mental health Heart disease Examples of good practice: Manchester clear understanding of the HUP agenda recognises the potential of HUP at a political level and has developed a clear assessment of areas of weakness identified a programme of training for internal planning officers and key city stakeholders with the aim to better integrate health into the planning application process and urban planning in general I'm involved in the preparation of the LDF, for example, but there's little in the way of images coming out of this yet; I've been contributing to some local guidance, including the Development Guide and various Strategic Regeneration Frameworks, but again the result of this tends to be wording changed or included in documents. I'd like to say that the Development Guide is a good example of getting health considerations explicitly included in planning strategy documents, but as negotiations are still ongoing about the content of the guide I'm not sure it I've been successful in getting it changed the way we want it! WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Cities and Urban Policy

The health map

How does Urban Planning affect health?

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Healthy Urban Planning Key Principles: Equity Intersectoral cooperation Community involvement Sustainability International action

Types of tools Conceptual development Political Strategic Technical

Healthy Urban Planning The twelve key health objectives Do planning policies and proposals promote and encourage ? 1. Personal lifestyles 7. Safety 2. Social cohesion 8. Equity 3. Housing quality 9. Air and aesthetics 4. Access to work 10. Water 5. Accessibility 11 Land and minerals 6 Food 12. Climate stability Barton & Tsourou 2000

4 elements of action for health and sustainable development at city level Political Commitment to the values and principles of health and sustainable development; equity and solidarity Articulate a long term vision for your city based on these qualities Systematic action to tackle the social and environmental determinants of health including Integrating health considerations Into urban planning and design Institutional processes to support partnership-based work and participative governance Local, national and international cooperation and networking

WHO Working with European cities: Themes and Tools Healthy Ageing Health Impact Assessment Healthy Urban Planning Physical Activity and Active Living City Health Profiles City Health Development Plans

Healthy Urban Planning Priorities Transport and mobility Healthy Ageing Neighbourhoods Physical Activity Strategic and Master Plans Cross-cutting links Health Impact Assessment Tools-commitment-innovation awareness-capacity-applications-mainstreaming

How to increase physical activity in an urban environment Transport Cycling : Cycle paths, Cycle parks Walking Pedestrian areas Walking buses Safety of walking Leisure time facilities Parks Open schools Public or subsidised sport facilities Safety of playgrounds Building design Stairs Urban design Positioning of services in walking distance Traffic restrictions on weekends

“Obesity: an epidemic without treatment” Urban Design can make a huge difference in supporting physical activity

Handy PPT Bursa, Turkey

Open space, Health and Urban planning Physical exercise & recreation Social and cultural aspects – community & relationships Psychological effects Wildlife in cities Organic urban food production Air quality and noise Water management

Neighbourhoods What does the neighbourhood mean? Community decision making Housing – social inclusion and diversity Access to jobs, shopping, education and health facilities Planning for movement Public spaces and open space

Walking and Cycling City wide level – policies to promote walking and cycling as part of a wider transport strategy Neighbourhood level – a mix of uses and maximum opportunity to walk or cycle Assessing a project – a checklist addressing localised issues of movement and accessibility

http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities/