Ancient Egypt & Kush (Nubia)

Archaic Period Menes (Narmer) –united upper and lower Egypt capital was Memphis –Egypt’s first Pharaoh “Great House” –started Egypt’s first Dynasty

The Old Kingdom 2686 – 2181 BC

Pyramid Builders Imhotep –master architect Djoser –Step Pyramid Snefru –Red Pyramid (true pyramid) Khufu (Cheops) –Great Pyramid of Giza

Pyramid Builders Pyramids –tombs; Old Kingdom Engineering –the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes … uh … what? –ex. using a 43.5° angle for the pyramids to avoid collapse

Mummification Afterlife –life after death; focus of Egyptian Religion Mummies –help the “ka” find it’s body Ka –life spirit

Mummification “Pyramid Texts” –describe the journey of a dead pharaoh into the afterlife “Re gives you his arm on the stairway to the sky.” Sarcophagus –bone box; decorated coffin Canopic Jars –held internal organs of mummy

Gods and Goddesses Re (Rah or Amen-Re) –sun god Anubis –god of the dead and mummification; jackal headed

Gods and Goddesses Osiris –god of the underworld Isis –goddess of magic Horus –sky god; god of the pharaohs

First Intermediate Period Political Chaos  Two Capitals –Northern Egypt  ruled at Memphis –Southern Egypt  ruled at Thebes

The Middle Kingdom 1991 – 1786 BC

Middle Kingdom Mentuhotep II –reunited Egypt to begin the Middle Kingdom “Renaissance” –“rebirth” of Egypt –classical period of art and literature –Egypt conquers Kush and gains wealth

Second Intermediate Period Hyksos –invaders from Southwest Asia –chariots and high-powered bows Ahmose –defeated the Hyksos –started the New Kingdom

The New Kingdom 1567 – 1085 BC

New Kingdom Queen Hatshepsut –mother of Thutmose III –ran things; expaned trade –wore a beard !!! Thutmose III (Tutmosis) –killed his mom ??? –great conqueror –expanded Egypt throughout Nubia and Middle East

New Kingdom Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV) –monotheism; worshipped Aton “the sun disc” Tutankhamen (Tutankhaton) –restored old religion –buried in the Valley of the Kings –tomb found in 1922 by Howard Carter

New Kingdom Ramses the Great –ruled for 67 years, 100 children –great builder of temples –defeated the Sea People

New Kingdom Moses –during the time of Ramses ??? Sea People –Ramses defeats them, but bankrupted Egypt to do it