Crisis in the Colonies Chapter 5 U.S. History

European Rivals in North America France posed the most serious threat to English colonies The French were determined to halt westward expansion by the English European Rivals in North America

European Rivals in North America The Ohio River Valley linked French settlements in Canada and along the Mississippi River. Ohio river marked the western border of British-controlled lands European Rivals in North America

Both the French and English sought Native American allies French alliance with the Iroquois nation led to early British defeats French and Indian War

William Pitt’s strategy for winning Britain's war with France was to use Britain’s best generals in North America. French and Indian War

British troops were able to surprise the French at Quebec by climbing a steep cliff at night The capture of Quebec by the British led to the fall of New France French and Indian War

After the Treaty of Paris, Britain and Spain controlled most of the land in North America Quebec Act established protection for rights of French Catholics Treaty of Paris

The Proclamation of 1763 was signed to avoid conflicts with Native Americans in the Ohio Valley Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to protect Native American lands Proclamation of 1763

Parliament approved colonial taxes to help pay for the costs of the French and Indian War. Stamp Act imposed duties (taxes) on legal documents Turmoil Over Taxation

Parliament then passed the Townshend Acts, which taxed goods such as paper, paint, glass, and lead Turmoil Over Taxation

Sons and Daughters of Liberty formed to protest taxes Mercy Otis Warren and Abigail Adams organized resistance to British taxes through their writings Turmoil Over Taxation

New colonial leaders emerged as tensions with Britain grew: Samuel Adams John Adams Patrick Henry Turmoil Over Taxation

British troops were sent to Boston to protect customs officials Crowds threw objects at soldiers Troops shot into the crowd, killing five Boston Massacre

In response to the shootings, Samuel Adams wrote letters to other colonies to build outrage Letter-writing campaigns became the committees of correspondence to report of events in Massachusetts Boston Massacre

British troops were given a fair trial in a colonial court Boston Massacre

From Protest to Revolution Colonists protested the Tea Act by boycotting British tea Boston Tea Party: “Boston harbor is a teapot tonight! The Mohawks are come!” Colonists destroyed British property From Protest to Revolution

Parliament Strikes Back In retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed laws punishing Massachusetts Colonists called these laws the Intolerable Acts because they were so harsh Parliament Strikes Back

Laws placed limits on colonists’ rights to call town meetings. Parliament shut down the port of Boston British soldiers were housed in colonists’ homes Intolerable Acts

British troops tried to seize colonists’ arms and ammunition Colonial militia drove the troops back to Boston Lexington and Concord

Battles signaled the start of the American Revolution Lexington and Concord

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