What is Renewable Energy ? “Renewable Energy is the energy that is derived from Natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth.” - International Energy Agency (IEA) Renewables Information 2003

Slogan given by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Govt of India for a cleaner and greener tomorrow “ Gaon Gaon Bijli, Ghar Ghar Prakash. Akshay Urja Se Desh Vikas ”

Common forms of Renewable Energy –Solar –Wind –Tidal –Wave –Geothermal –Biomass –Hydropower

SOLAR ENERGY CAPTURING RADIANT ENERGY OF THE SUN TO PRODUCE HEAT OR ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Solar Energy Potential in India Solar water heaters and cookers have proved the most popular so far and solar photo-voltaics for decentralized power supply are fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas. More than PV systems generating 44 MW have been installed all over India. Under the water pumping program more than 3000 systems have been installed so far and the market for solar lighting and solar pumping is far from saturated. Solar drying is one area which offers very good prospects in food, agricultural and chemical products drying applications.

WIND ENERGY Converting the force of wind into mechanical or electrical energy

Wind Energy Potential in India India now ranks as a "wind superpower" with an installed wind power capacity of 1167 MW and about 5 billion units of electricity have been fed to the national grid so far. In progress are 1. Wind resource assessment program 2. Wind monitoring 3. Wind mapping, covering 800 stations in 24 states with 193 wind monitoring stations in operations. Altogether 13 states of India have a net potential of about MW.

TIDAL ENERGY Converting the movement of water into mechanical or electrical energy Tidal energy is clean, sustainable and renewable, and a reliable and consistent energy source. Tidal energy utilizes the rise and fall in sea levels due to currents and has the potential to convert hydel energy into electricity with an efficiency of 80%.

Tidal Energy Potential in India India’s geographical location, with oceans and seas on three sides, has brought into focus its enormous potential to harness tidal energy – a fact that has been recognized by the Government of India. An estimated combined potential of 15,000 MW at the Gulf of Kutch and the Gulf of Cambay on the west coast and Durgaduani creek in the state of West Bengal on the east coast has been identified. The Kutch tidal power project is expected to generate electricity at a cost as low as US$ per unit. This project is being appraised for its technical feasibility and economic viability.

WAVE ENERGY The interaction between wind and the surface of sea results in waves. Waves drive water in an air chamber to rise and fall, and the resulting airflow can turn a turbine to generate electricity.

Wave Energy potential in India The Annual Wave Energy potential for Indian coasts is MWH/m and wave power potential varies from 5KW/m to 47KW/m depending on locations and monsoon conditions.

Geothermal Energy Extracting natural heat from within the earth for direct heating and/or to produce electricity. Private companies and state governments have been attempting to exploit this vast reserve of FREE energy Government of Gujarat has framed a new policy and passed a government resolution (No REP B) aimed at formulating an incentive policy for solar photo voltaic, geothermal, waste utilization, biomass, etc

BIOMASS ENERGY Burning organic matter such as wood or agricultural materials to produce heat energy. Methane gas can be provided from organic wastes. 4 TYPES : Biogas, Bioethanol, Biodiesel, Second generation Biofuels

Most common source of biomass is wood waste and agricultural wastes. In India development of biomass gasification has received serious attention with establishment of biomass research centers and gasifier action research centers, which have played a key role in up gradation and adoption of suitable technologies, testing, monitoring and development of biomass gasification systems. In India more than 2000 gasifiers are estimated to have been established with a capacity in excess of 22 MW and a number of villages have been electrified with biomass gasifier based generators. MNES has actively promoted research and development programs for efficient utilization of biomass and agro wastes and further efforts are on. Biomass gasification offers immense scope and potential for : 1. Water pumping 2.Electricity generation : 3 to 1 MW power plants 3.Heat generation : for cooking gas – smokeless environment 4.Rural electrification means better healthcare, better education and improved quality of life. Two major forms of biofuels are bio-diesel and bio-ethanol, keeping this need in mind Bharat Petroleum has signed a deal with British D1 oils to become largest producer of Jatropha oil by 2011 Biomass Energy Potential in India

HYDROPOWER Generating electricity from falling water. Radiant energy  Kinetic energy of water  Potential energy  Mechanical energy  Electrical energy

Role of Hydel Power in India Today there is a strong push for large hydro projects in India. While the pro-hydro lobby is working towards meeting India’s full potential, the anti-hydro-power groups are targeting those projects which they believe are violating environmental and human rights norms. Despite growing number of oppositions to hydro-power, the Indian government is very optimistic to achieve its potential. The Indian government considers hydropower as a renewable economic, non-polluting and environmentally benign source of energy. The exploitable hydro-electric potential in terms of installed capacity is estimated to be about 148,700 MW (See Table 1) out of which a capacity of 30,164 MW (20.3%) has been developed so far and 13,616 MW (9.2 %) of capacity is under construction

URBAN WASTE The population growth has put tremendous pressure on the quality of Environment of urban life. The residents generate various kinds of wastes of biodegradable and non biodegradable categories. The impact created by these wastes on the environment is enormous, if proper disposal and management options are not applied.

Energy recovery from urban wastes using biomethanation, pyrolysis, gasification and incineration and obtaining biogas from sewage treatment. Energy Generation from Urban Wastes Sewage treatment plant at Surat Biomethanation plant at Vijaywada

Role of Renewable Energy Resources in India Short term strategy : Administered pricing mechanism Institutional reforms to be consolidated for deregulation Optimum utilization of existing assets Production systems to be made efficient, transmission and distribution losses to be reduced R&D transfer of technologies to be promoted Energy efficiency improvement in accordance with national and socio-economic and environmental priorities Energy efficiency and emission standards to be promoted Labeling programs for products Adoption of energy efficient technologies in giant industries

Role of Renewable Energy Resources in India Long term strategy : Demand management through greater conservation of energy, optimum fuel mix, increasing reliance on rail for movement of goods and passengers and shift to emphasis on utilizing mass movement and transport systems for public rather than private transports Better urban planning to reduce need for energy in transport sector Shift and emphasis to solar, wind, biomass energy sources Emphasis on research and development, transfer and use of energy efficient technologies and practices in the supply and end-use sectors.

Summing up the ADVANTAGES of RENEWABLE ENERGY 1. It is environmentally friendly. It's clean and mostly emission-free. 2. It is inexhaustible. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy can be replenished quickly. It will not run out or deplete resources. 3. It does not require fuel. It comes from natural resources which can be used directly to generate energy or electricity.

Renewable energy is GREEN, CLEAN & SUSTAINABLE Energy INDIA HAS THE WORLD’S LARGEST PROGRAM FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY Presented by : Nipun Gupta, BE (Electronics & Communication) 4 th year UIET Himanshu Bhatia, BE (Biotechnology) 3 rd year UIET