Emergence of Labor Unions Workers attempt to have their grievance addressed

Typical labor conditions Seven day workweek 12 hour days No vacation, sick leave, or compensation for injuries Work related accidents were common Women and children Average wage for women: $267 Carnegie’s income in 1900: $23 million

The Pullman Strike Chicago, 1894 Interior of a Pullman Sleeper Car

Pullman Palace Car Company Railway car company owned by George Pullman Over 6,000 workers Workers had lived in “company town” Rent was 25% higher than other areas Pullman, Illinois

Origins of the Strike Historical Context: Depression of 1893 Pullman cuts workers’ wages But doesn’t cut rent for apartments

Strike Begins May 10, 1894- Workers walk out

ARU Supports Pullman Workers American Railway Union is a NATIONAL union of railway workers Eugene Debs, ARU leader, decides to support Pullman strikers Across the nation, railway workers refused to run trains that had Pullman cars attached to them The country is paralyzed

Eugene Debs

President Grover Cleveland sends in troops

Violence Erupts Presence of Federal troops sets off riots Rioters burn buildings, troops kill 4 and wound 20

Close Reading • What claims does the author make Close Reading • What claims does the author make? • What evidence does the author use to support those claims? • How is this document supposed to make me feel? • What words or phrases does the author use to convince me that he/she is right? • What information does the author leave out?

End of Strike By August, strike fall apart 1000 union workers fired New workers have to sign contracts promising not to join a union Debs arrested and jailed for 6 months

Workers’ supporters

Management Supporters

What role should gvt play? Review Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution. Highlight phrases that could pertain to the appropriate government role in this case.

Government Action Munn v. Illinois: Supreme Court Case States win the right to set regulations on the railroad Initiated by midwestern farmers- called “Granger Laws” Wabash Case: Supreme Court Case 1 Severely limited the rights of states to control interstate commerce Led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Act. Interstate Commerce Act: Federal Law Established the ICC which enabled the federal govt to regulate RRs. 1 8 7 1 8 6

Interstate Commerce Act 1887 Gave the federal gvt some power to regulate the RRs Set up the Interstate Commerce Commission (5 members) Weak, difficult to make RRs comply.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890 Formation of trusts that interfered with free trade between the states or with other countries was deemed illegal.

Analysis of the Homestead Strike Review the timeline in the context of the legislation. Read the docs and answer the questions. Source Context Close Reading

Mary Harris “Mother” Jones “The workers asked only for bread and a shortening of long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions. The police gave them clubs.” Write an analysis of the quote.