1Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 1111 Disaster Risk Management as a Global Agenda Session 1 World Bank Institute Margaret Arnold

2Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 2 Disasters are a Development Issue, Not a Humanitarian Issue  Natural disasters are a major source of risk for the poor  Disasters cause loss of development gains and wealth in developing countries

3Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 3 Natural Hazards are a Major Source of Risk for the Poor  Prevalence of death due to disaster is 4 times higher in low-income countries  Disasters are an important dimension of poverty – per World Development Report 2000/2001  With similar patterns of disasters, Peru fatalities average 2,900 a year and Japan averages 63

4Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 4 Disasters Cause Loss of Development Gains and Wealth  Annual GDP losses = 2-15%  Average yearly losses due to disasters during 1990s = US$63 billion  Annual losses of infrastructure during the 1990s due to disasters in Asia alone were about $12 billion about 2/3 total annual lending of the World Bank

5Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 5 Social and Environmental Impacts of Disasters  Loss of life  Environmental degradation  Loss of natural habitats and destruction of ecosystems  Disruption of communities and family life  Loss of cultural heritage assets  Unemployment  Migration  Differential gender impact

6Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 6 World Bank Disaster-related Lending, : $US 40 billion 7,288 9,154 4,384 9,016 2,383 8,558 -2,0004,0006,0008,00010,000 Funding ($m) Africa East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and Caribbean Middle East and North Africa South Asia

7Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 7 Hazard Management Unit The World Bank’s HMU promotes a strategic response to disaster emergencies and integrates disaster prevention into Bank activities. We do this by:  Providing technical assistance to operations  Assisting with corporate strategy and policy development  Generating and disseminating knowledge products  Working with partners from the international and academic communities and the private sector to tap into outside expertise

8Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 8 Hazard Risk Management Framework  Risk identification Hazard maps, GIS systems, vulnerability analysis, risk analysis, understanding the direct, indirect, and secondary effects of disasters  Risk reduction Structural and non-structural mechanisms (e.g. land use planning, design and construction practices, building codes, early warning systems, preparedness and response plans, public awareness and education)  Risk transfer and financing Insurance, catastrophe bonds, contingency financing, safety nets, calamity funds, micro-insurance, informal risk sharing arrangements

9Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 9 World Bank Efforts on HRM Aim to:  Provide a systematic treatment of HRM at policy and operational levels  Provide a framework for: Making hazard risk a standard feature of relevant Country Assistance Strategies and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Assisting clients to develop proactive, national strategies for HRM Developing lending programs that build capacity for effective risk reduction and risk financing Introducing more effective financing and risk transfer mechanisms

10Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 10 Mainstreaming Disaster Management into Country Assistance Strategies Examples of Country Assistance Strategies that incorporate hazard risk management as development priorities:  Jamaica  Mozambique  Pacific Regional Strategy  Romania  Turkey  Vietnam  Colombia  Eastern Caribbean Sub-region  El Salvador  Ethiopia  Honduras

11Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 11 World Bank Operations that are Integrating HRM  Recife Urban Upgrading project  Vietnam Natural Disaster Mitigation project  China Yangtze Dike Strengthening  Colombia Disaster Vulnerability Reduction  Gujarat Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction Program

12Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 12 Working with Partners to Support the Millennium Development Goals through HRM  Goal 1 - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger  Goal 7 - Ensure environmental sustainability  Goal 8 - Develop a global partnership for development

13Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Introduction to Disaster Risk Management 13 Working with Partners Towards Risk Reduction  The ProVention Consortium A network of partners including multilateral organizations, the private sector, academia, the public sector, and civil society  The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) The United Nations platform for disaster reduction  The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Working together to bridge relief and development efforts