Unit Seven The United Nations

Unit 7 Vocabulary Economic and Social Council (ESC) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) General Assembly International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Court of Justice International Development Association (IDA) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labor Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Security Council Secretariat Trusteeship Council United Nations Center for Economic and Social Development (UNCESD) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) United Nations Development Program (UNDP) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) United Nations International Development Organization (UNIDO) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Food Program (WFP) World Health Organization (WHO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Trade Organization (WTO)

Unit 7 Essential Question What are the purposes and functions of the United Nations?

Chapter 7 11/3/2000 Essential Question 1 The United Nations What are the purposes and functions of the United Nations? Amplifying Questions What is the purpose and mission of the United Nations? How is the United Nations organized? www.un.org

Purpose and Mission Maintain international peace and security. Develop friendly relations among nations. Cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends.

History League of Nations Established after WWI Not supported by the United States Disbanded because of WWII Dumbarton Oaks – San Francisco, United States Members of 51 nations met from August to October 1944 to draft the UN Charter 26 June, 1945 the Charter was ratified by the 51 member nations. Officially came into existence on 24 October, 1945

Principle Organizations The General Assembly The International Court of Justice The Security Council The Trusteeship Council The Economic and Social Council The Secretariat

Security Council UNICEF UNDP General Assembly UNITAR ESC IACB WFP ACC UNCITRAL WFP ACC UNCESD FAO ITU UPU WMO IFAD IMO UNESCO UNIDO IFC WHO ICAO ILO IMF IDA IBRD IAEA WTO

Chapter 7 11/3/2000 Essential Question 2 The United Nations What are the principle United Nations organizations, their functions, and role in international business? Amplifying Questions Who are the permanent members of the Security Council? What is the function of the World Court? What is the function of the Economic and Social Council? www.un.org

The General Assembly Each of the UN’s 192 members has a seat and one vote in the general assembly regardless of the member’s size, population, and income. May take up and debate any matter within the scope of the Charter and it may make whatever recommendation it chooses to the Security Council, other UN organizations or any member-state.

The Security Council Has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Consists of 15 member nations. 5 are permanent: United States, Great Britain, France, Russia, and China. 10 are elected from the General Assembly, 5 every two years. A representative of each of its members must be present at all times at United Nations Headquarters.

The International Court of Justice Located at The Hague, Netherlands. The Court has a dual role: Settle, in accordance with international law, the legal disputes submitted to it by States Give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by duly authorized international organs and and agencies.

The Trusteeship Council Created to look after territories that didn’t have a government, ensuring that territories prepare to govern themselves. The aims of the Trusteeship System have been fulfilled to such an extent that all Trust Territories have attained self-government or independence, either as separate States or by joining neighboring independent countries.

The Economic and Social Council Coordinates the work of the 14 UN specialized agencies, 10 functional commissions and five regional commissions; receives reports from 11 UN funds and programs.

The Secretariat An international staff working in duty stations around the world -- carries out the diverse day-to-day work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs of the United Nations and administers the programs and policies laid down by them.

Chapter 7 11/3/2000 Essential Question 3 The United Nations What are various United Nations agencies, their functions, and role in international business? www.un.org

United Nations Development Program The UNDP is the UN's global development network. It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. On the ground in 166 countries, working with them on their own solutions to global and national development challenges.

Food and Agriculture Organization Mandated to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living, to improve agricultural productivity, and to better the condition of rural populations. The lead agency for agriculture, forestry, fisheries and rural development.

International Civil Aviation Organization Established as a means to secure international co-operation and the highest possible degree of uniformity in regulations regarding civil aviation matters. Established rules concerning training and licensing of aeronautical personnel, communication systems and procedures, rules for the air and air traffic control systems, airworthiness requirements for aircraft engaged in international air navigation, aeronautical meteorology and maps and charts.

International Fund for Agricultural Development Created to mobilize resources on concessional terms for programs that alleviate rural poverty and improve nutrition. Unlike other international financial institutions, which have a broad range of objectives, the Fund has a very specific mandate: to combat hunger and rural poverty in developing countries.

International Labor Organization Seeks the promotion of social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights. Formulates international labor standards for labor rights, freedom of association, right to organize, collective bargaining, abolition of forced labor, and equality of opportunity and treatment. Provides technical assistance in the fields of vocational training, employment policy, labor law and industrial relations, working conditions, and management.

International Maritime Organization A specialized agency responsible for improving maritime safety and preventing pollution from ships.

International Telecommunications Union Allows governments and the private sector to work together to coordinate the operation of telecommunication networks and services and advance the development of communications technology. Manages the radio-frequency spectrum to ensure radio-based systems like cellular phones and pagers, aircraft and maritime navigation systems, scientific research stations, satellite communication systems and radio and television broadcasting all continue to function smoothly and provide reliable wireless services to the world's inhabitants.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Contributes to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms which are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion.

United Nations International Development Organization Improves the living conditions of people and promotes global prosperity through offering tailor-made solutions for the sustainable industrial development of developing countries and countries with economies in transition.

Universal Postal Union Is the primary forum for cooperation between postal services and helps to ensure a truly universal network of up-to-date products and services. Fulfils an advisory, mediating and liaison role, and renders technical assistance where needed. Sets the rules for international mail exchanges and makes recommendations to stimulate growth in mail volumes and to improve the quality of service for customers.

World Health Organization Seeks the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

World Meteorological Organization Coordinates global scientific activity to allow increasingly prompt and accurate weather prediction information, air pollution research, climate change related activities, ozone layer depletion studies and tropical storm forecasting. Contribute to the safety of life and property, the socio-economic development of nations and the protection of the environment.

International Atomic Energy Agency Science and technology-based organization that serves as the global focal point for nuclear cooperation. Assists in planning for and using nuclear science and technology for various peaceful purposes, including the generation of electricity, and facilitates the transfer of such technology. Develops nuclear safety standards and promotes the achievement and maintenance of high levels of safety in applications of nuclear energy, as well as the protection of human health and the environment against ionizing radiation. Verifies through its inspection system that States comply with their commitments under the Non-Proliferation Treaty and other non-proliferation agreements, to use nuclear material and facilities only for peaceful purposes.