San Jose State University Engineering 101 JKA & KY

San Jose State University Engineering 102 Plotting in Excel - Charts Select Insert → Chart Or click on Chart icon in the toolbar Select chart type, Standard or Custom

San Jose State University Engineering 103 Column Chart Definition: A chart that consists of multiple columns (vertical bars), and the height of each column represents the quantity associated with the corresponding category. There are seven options under the Chart sub-type. Use this type of chart for visual comparison of the quantities associated with different categories

San Jose State University Engineering 104 Column Chart - Example Grade# Students Frosh4000 Sophomore4000 Junior7000 Senior7000 Graduate8000 Select “Column” under “Chart Type” (Standard) and click on “Next”. Data range is the Cells containing your data. The data should include category names and corresponding quantities, in two columns. Enter the cell addresses directly into the “Data range” box. Or, first click on the small red arrow at the extreme right of the “Data range” box, then highlight the data, and then click on the small red arrow again. For the question of “Series in:”, select “Columns”, because the categories and the corresponding quantities are organized in two separate columns. Click on “Next”. Under the “Titles” tab, enter a proper title, for example, “#s Students 07”; the Category (X) Axis could be “Grades”; the Value (Y) Axis could be “# Students”. Under “Data Labels” or other tabs, enter definitions or select preferences about the chart, if any.

San Jose State University Engineering 105 Multi-Column Chart - Example Grade Frosh Sophomore Junior Senior Grad Multiple Column Charts, for Comparison, # Students in Different Grades FOR 2 YEARS

San Jose State University Engineering 106 Pie Chart Definition: A graph in the shape of a circle divided into sectors, whose areas correspond to the proportions of the quantities. Application: Visual representation of relative magnitudes of a given set of quantities Example 8000Graduate 7000Senior 7000Junior 4000Sophomore 4000Frosh # Students 07 Grade

San Jose State University Engineering 107 Pie Chart Select “Pie” under “Chart Type”, and click on “Next”. Data Range is the Cells containing your data. The data should include category names and corresponding quantities. Enter the cell addresses directly into the “Data range” box. Or, first click on the small red arrow at the extreme right of the “Data range” box, then highlight the data, and then click on the small red arrow again. For the question of “Series in:”, select “Columns”, because the categories and the corresponding quantities are organized in two separate columns. Click on “Next”. Under the “Titles” tab, enter a proper title, etc. (In the example below, the title could be “Music Preference in Young Adult Ages 14-19”.) Under the “Data Labels” tab, check “Category Name” so that, in the chart legend, the different category names are color. Also check “Percentage” if you want percentages to appear by the corresponding pie sectors Classical 50Country 65Rock & Roll 125Alternative 250Rap # Students in Sample (500) Music Type Music preferences in young adults ages 14

San Jose State University Engineering 108 XY Plots XY plots are two dimensional graphs. Scientifically, it is a plot of independent variable (X) against a dependent variable (Y). The plot is used to obtain a functional relationship between two variables There are five options in Chart sub- type menu. The first option, where only points are plotted, is the most common type used in engineering and science fields. A curve is fitted to the plotted points to obtain the function describing the relationship between the two variable.

San Jose State University Engineering 109 XY Plots - Examples Stress Strain Test result

San Jose State University Engineering 1010 XY Plots Click on “Insert”, and select “Chart”. Select “XY (Scatter)” under “Chart Type”, and click on “Next”. Data Range is the Cells containing your data. Enter the cell addresses directly into the “Data range” box. Or, first click on the small red arrow at the extreme right of the “Data range”, then highlight the data, and then click on the small red arrow again. For the question of “Series in:”, select “Columns”, because the X values and the Y values are organized in two separate columns. Click on “Next”. Under the “Titles” tab, enter a proper title, a label for the X axis and a label for the Y axis. Click on “Next”, and then click on “Finish”.

San Jose State University Engineering 1011 Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY) Given the plot of test results, the question is what would be your test score if you studied for 2.5 hours, no data is available for 2.5 hours. In order to answer the question, you have to find the function relating the test score to the number of hours spent studying.

San Jose State University Engineering 1012 Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY) Right click on any data point and select Add Trendline from the menu. There are six option to select from, start with your best guess and check the fit. The best fit is indicated by how close the correlation factor, R 2, is to unity, the closer to 1 the better the fit.

San Jose State University Engineering 1013 Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY) From the option menu, check the two options to display the equation and to display the R 2 value.

San Jose State University Engineering 1014 Fitting a Curve to Data Points (XY) y =.2361(2.5) 5 – (2.5) (2.5) 3 – (2.5) (2.5) – 60 y = Substitute x = 2.5 in the equation to find y (hours spent studying or read the y value form the graph. 4 th order polynomial 6 th order polynomial, the best fit

San Jose State University Engineering 1015 Histogram Histogram shows the frequency of data items in successive numerical intervals of equal size (Bar chart representing a frequency distribution). Select Data Analysis from the Tools menu Select Histogram

San Jose State University Engineering 1016 Histogram 7. Plot the intermediate two-column table as a Column Chart Analyze Data Plot the Result 3. Specify “Input Range” (cells containing the data) 4. Specify “Bin Range” (cells containing upper bounds of the consecutive intervals partitioning the domain). If you omit this range, then Excel will automatically create bin range. 5. Select options if desirable. 6. Click on “OK” to create an intermediate two-column data table as input to histogram plotting. 1. Click on “Tools”, and select “Data Analysis”. 2. Under “Analysis Tools”, select “Histogram” and click on “OK”.

San Jose State University Engineering 1017 Histogram - Example Test scores Selected intervals

San Jose State University Engineering 1018 Histogram - Example