Section for Disaster Reduction Natural Sciences Sector UNESCO Badaoui Rouhban Director Section for Disaster Reduction Natural Sciences Sector UNESCO

Nombre de désastres naturels, évolution par continent: 1950-2008 Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium.”

EURO-MEDITER The geographic region covered by RELEMR is shown here. Generally, it goes from Morocco in the west to Iran in the east.

Nombre de désastres naturels 1989-2008 Désastres Naturels dans les Pays Méditerranée 1989-2008 (After CRED, Belgium) Nombre de désastres naturels 1989-2008 Country No. events France 82 Turkey 75 Italy 53 Algeria 49 Spain 46 Greece 45 Morocco 21 Mauritania 20 Egypt 19 Albania 16 Croatia 15 Bosnia-Herc. 12 Cyprus 10 Jordan Israel 9 Syria 6 Tunisia 5 Lebanon 4 Montenegro 1 Palestine Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium.”

Impact humaine des désastres naturels: 1989-2008 (After CRED, Belgium) Nombre de morts Nombre d’affectés Year Disaster, Country No. people killed 2003 Heat wave, Italy 20089 Heat wave, France 19490 1999 Earthquake, Turkey 17127 Heat wave, Spain 15090 Earthquake, Algeria 2266 2006 1388 2001 Flood, Algeria 921 845 Heat wave, Croatia 788 1995 Flood, Morocco 730 Year Disaster, Country Total affected 1990 Drought, Spain 6000000 1999 Storm Lothar, France 3400011 1989 Drought, Albania 3200000 1998 Earthquake, Turkey 1589600 1358953 Flood, Turkey 1240047 2001 Drought, Mauritania 1000000 2008 Drought, Syria 1993 446507 2005 Snowstorm, Albania 400000 Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium.”

Coastal zone is particularly at risk 1.2 billion people live within 100 km from the coast. This is 23% of the world population. In 2030 this figure may rise to 50%. Half of worlds GDP is in the coastal urban areas. This figure will increase to 75% in 2015.(World Bank) More than half of GDP is located in high risk areas. (World bank) 10 million peoble experience flooding each year due to storm surges and typhoons. Tsunamies, floods, storm surges, typhoons continue to happen in the coastal area and climate change is expected worsen the situation.

INTERACTIONS, COMPLEXITE CATASTROPHES NATURELLES PROVOQUEES HOMME SOUDAINES LENTES ENVIRONMENTALLES TECHNOLOGIQUES - Seismes - Eruptions volcaniques - Inondations - Glissements de terrain - Tempetes, cyclones, ouragans - Changements climatiques, rechauffement - Desertification, secheresse - Changements climatiques - Deforestation (Amazonie) - Developpement megapoles - Disparition lacs ( mer Aral) - Chimiques (Bhopal, AZF) - Nucleaires (Tchernobyl) - Maree noires (Exxon Valdez, Erika, Prestige) INTERACTIONS, COMPLEXITE

HAZARD VULNERABILITY RISK x = H x V R =

The United Nations system engaged in disaster reduction World Meteorological Organization The United Nations (UN) system is a mosaic that reflects the complexity of activities necessary to fulfil the objectives and principles of the UN Charter Reducing the impacts of natural disasters is work that cuts across numerous competencies of the UN so it has become relevant to a growing number of departments, programmes and agencies. Moreover, the recognition of disaster reduction as a building block of sustainable development has turned disaster reduction into a core function of the UN family. WORLD BANK

International Strategy For Disaster Reduction (ISDR) United Nations International Strategy For Disaster Reduction (ISDR) Secretariat based in Geneva

Hyogo Framework for Action Governance; Risk identification, assessment, monitoring and early warning; Knowledge management and education; Reducing underlying risk factors; Preparedness for effective response and recovery.

UNESCO’s role Identification of Hazards and Risks Monitoring, Mapping, Risk Assessment Promotion of Preventive and Mitigation Measures Promotion of early warning systems Building capacities and training of scientists and engineers Educating and raising awareness for disaster preparedness Guidelines for the protection of educational buildings, cultural sites Environmental consideration

UNESCO programmes in Disaster Reduction Natural hazards programme International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) lnternational Hydrological Programme (IHP) Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme Programmes of UNESCO’s lntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Protection of Cultural Heritage UN Decade on Education for Sustainable Development

Accomplishments Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology of Skopje – former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (IZIIS) Regional Centre for Seismology for South America – Peru (CERESIS) Pacific Tsunami Warning System International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering - Japan (IISEE) International Seismological Centre - UK (ISC) Centre de Génie Parasismique - Algeria International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology – Iran UNESCO-IHE for Water Education- Netherlands

Programme for Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk in the Arab Region (PAMERAR) 1983 - Algeria Egypt Irak Jordan Lebanon Libya Morocco Syria Tunisia Sudan

Capacity building for earthquake risk reduction PAMERAR results Capacity building for earthquake risk reduction more than 3500 person-days of training provided for scientists, engineers and technicians, more than 40 missions of technical assistance organized Development of seismic networks 300 seismometers and accelerometers installed in Morocco, Tunisia, Iraq, Yemen, Jordan, Syria and Egypt Earthquake provisions to building codes in Algeria, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia

Earthquakes UNESCO/USGS Programme on Reducing Earthquake Losses in the Enlarged Mediterranean Region (RELEMR); UNESCO/USGS Programme on Reducing Earthquake Losses in the South Asia Region (RELSAR);

REDUCING EARTHQUAKE LOSSES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (RELERM) Algeria Cyprus Egypt Greece Israel Iran Jordan Lebanon Lybia Palestinian Authority Morocco Oman Saudi Arabia Spain Syria Tunisia Turkey United States Yemen

REDUCING EARTHQUAKE LOSSES IN THE SOUTH ASIA REGION (RELSAR) Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan China India Iran Nepal Pakistan The Philippines Sri Lanka United States

INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM FOR REDUCING EARTHQUAKE DISASTER (IPRED) A research and training platform based on seismology and earthquake engineering A system for post-earthquake field investigation Chile Egypt Indonesia Japan (CoE) Kazakhstan Mexico Peru Romania Turkey + IPRED is supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan 1st IPRED meeting, Paris, 2008

Tsunami Warning and Mitigation Systems IOC of UNESCO This afternoon we saw quite a few presentations that clearly showed the importance of preparedness and public awareness. We have the know-how and technology. We need to be careful to take into consideration the human dimension. We need a holistic approach that results in saving lives and livelihoods. This is why the IOC activities in the Pacific region in the past 40 years have focused on Assessment, Warning and Mitigation.

Landslides Promotion of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) and the International Programme on Landslides (IPL) Promotion of various studies on the cause and prevention of landslides Leyte, Philippines, 2006 Barcelona, Spain, 2006

IFI: International Flood Initiative UNESCO addressing hydrological extremes IFI: International Flood Initiative International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management under the auspices of UNESCO (UNESCO-ICHARM, Tsukuba, Japan) IIASA

Flood risk management “RIMAX – Risk Management of Extreme Flood Events” UNESCO Technical Document Cooperation between German IHP National Committee and UNESCO IHP Revealing the current state of research and technology Topics Topic 1: Forecast and warning Topic 2: Forecast – dykes Topic 3: Management in disaster situations Topic 4: Damage assessment and society

Flood activities of FRIEND (Flow Regimes from International Experimental Network and Data Sets) Techniques for extreme rain fall and flood runoff estimate Flood forecasting hydrological processes linked with heavy rains Methodologies for reliable inundation mapping through flood risk maps and vulnerability maps. Stochastic modelling of heavy precipitation for runoff forecasting Enhanced understanding forecasting and management of flash floods in urban areas Tools for warning and forecasting of ungauged basins

UNESCO and IAHS joint compendium of extreme flood events (20 extreme events) Aim of the monograph: to give information on the causes, the evolution and the flood damage.

UNESCO-IHE activities on flood risk management Flood resilience Floating buildings Redesigning urban areas Flood warning Developing flexible, appropriate software tools for real- time flood prediction Examining the effect of climate on flood prediction tools Using SMS messaging to deliver flood warning by location

Drought/desertification The Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) The International Hydrological Programme (IHP)

Drought Monitoring over Africa Water Cycle and Drought Monitoring over Africa The International Hydrological Programme (IHP) supports the Land Surface Hydrology Group of Princeton University in the development of an experimental, near real-time drought monitor in Africa. 31

Risk mapping, El Salvador, UNESCO RAP-CA project Floods, landslides “RISK ANALYSIS OF FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN THE ARENAL DE MONTSERRAT SUB-BASIN, EL SALVADOR” Landslide, 13 January 2001 Map showing population density within the sub-basin Floods, 2000, 2002

Protection of educational buildings and cultural heritage Landslides, Machu Pichu, Peru International Programme on Landslides supported by UNESCO

Environmental Protection To strengthen environmental protection for the prevention of natural disasters Planting a tree, St Vincent in the Grenadines, 2003 UNESCO CSI project

UNESCO’s post-disaster studies In the aftermath of disaster, to foster post-disaster investigation, recovery and rehabilitation UNESCO post earthquake mission, Bam, Iran 2003

Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 – Building Resilient Communities United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2015 En liaison avec le Secrétariat des Nations unies pour la Stratégie internationale de prévention des catastrophes (SIPC), l’UNESCO entend mobiliser une alliance mondiale susceptible de promouvoir coopération et partenariats en faveur de l’intégration de la question de la réduction des risques dans les sections pertinentes des programmes d’enseignement à tous les niveaux. Cette alliance s’efforcera également d’encourager l’utilisation d’autres voies, officielles et officieuses, institutionnelles ou non, pour informer, sensibiliser et éduquer la jeunesse afin que les collectivités soient mieux préparées. Un premier temps fort sera le lancement, à l’occasion du Colloque organisé par le Comité national français de la Décennie des Nations Unies de l'Éducation pour le développement durable (Paris, 14 au 16 juin 2006), d'une campagne mondiale (2006-2007) sur l’éducation relative à la prévention des catastrophes naturelles.

UNESCO is one of the active agencies UN-ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) Thematic Platform on Knowledge and Education UNESCO is one of the active agencies Creation of a forum to exchange knowledge; Dissemination of good practices and examples; Mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into school curricula and school safety.

School Curricula Today Many focus on science Many focus on preparedness & drills Few integrate the two Fewer develop their own local curriculum Far fewer GO OUTSIDE and study the school’s hazards & the communities

What is education for disaster reduction? A new vision of education An education empowering people to commit themselves An education at all levels of education systems, using all modalities, and in all social contexts The decade proposes a vision of education handling the issues of environment, democracy, economy, human rights, culture, parity, etc., in a transdisciplinary approach. The decade of education for sustainable development will promote: An education empowering people to committ themselves to sustainabilty, transforming people in responsible citizens with creative and critical thinking and others skills: oral and written communication, collaboration and cooperation, conflict management, decision-making, problem-solving and planning using appropriate ICTs An education that fosters responsible citizens and promotes democracy by allowing individuals and communities to enjoy their rights and fulfill their responsibilities, to learn to live together in peace and tolerance An education at all levels of education systems and in all social contexts (family, school, workplace and community)

Maldives Global population : 298 000 Student population : 102 000 At least 1 school per island 334 schools per 200 islands 40 % of the population in schools.

Upcoming major events Second session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, 15-19 June 2009 in Geneva, Switzerland

http://www.unesco.org/disaster