Q1. How did the Renaissance spread from Italy to the rest of Europe?

A: Printing Press, Routes (trade & travel), and wars

Q2. Describe a Renaissance Man.

A: Well rounded; artistic, athletic, etc.

Q3. How did the printing press help the Renaissance?

A: Made books cheap so people could afford them; encouraged reading of new ideas

Q4: What was the main idea of Machiavelli’s “The Prince?”

A: It is better to be feared than loved.

Q5: What did the Catholic Church do at the Council of Trent?

A: Did not compromise with Protestants. Said pope still had authority.

Q6: Why did the Catholic Church fear the Protestant Reformation?

A: Church was afraid it would lose its followers

Q7: Why did the Japanese go into isolation?

A: They were afraid of European influence changing their culture.

Q8: What effects did the slave trade have on African society?

A: Societies lost their best members; families were separated.

Q9: What is a joint-stock company?

A: Sells stock in overseas trading voyages.

Q10: What is mercantilism?

A: Money=Power. Countries shouldn’t import goods.

Q11: What is an absolute monarch?

A: Ruler with total power. Ruled by DIVINE RIGHT—god-given power.

Q12: Who was King Philip II?

A: King of Spain. Lost when he sent the Spanish Armada to try to defeat Elizabeth I (England).

Q13: What family ruled Austria during 18 th century?

A: Hapsburg family.

Q14: What encouraged Peter the Great to modernize/ westernize Russia?

A: “For you know yourself that, though a thing be good and necessary, our people will not do it unless forced to” after his visit to the west led him to institute absolute control over the people of Russia:

Q15: What is habeus corpus?

A: cannot be imprisoned without a fair trial.

Q16: What is the Petition of Right in England?

A: No quartering of troops, no taxes without Parliament’s consent, no unfair imprisonment.

Q17: After the Glorious Revolution, what type of government was set up in England?

A: Constitutional Monarchy under William and Mary

Q18: What new things were discovered during the Scientific Revolution?

A: New instruments (telescope, microscope). New health discoveries.

Q19: Why did the Church and science not get along during the Scientific Revolution?

A: Science disproved the geocentric theory, which the Church taught.

Q20: Describe the difference between the heliocentric theory and geocentric theory.

A: Heliocentric—sun centered Geocentric—earth centered

Q21: What did the Enlightenment promote?

A: Belief that reason can solve problems, focus on the individual, more secular outlook on the world.

Q22: What are John Locke’s natural rights?

A: Life, liberty, and property

Q23: If the government does not protect these, what does Locke day you should do?

A: Rebel/Overthrow it!

Q24: What did philosophes use to understand government and philosophy?

A: Reason

Q25: What were salons?

A: Parties attended by philosophes and writers. They helped spread Enlightenment ideas.

Q26: What areas of the world were affected by the Enlightenment?

A: Europe and America

Q27: Describe the events of the French Revolution.

Louis XVI to Napoleon.

Q28: Why did the French people hate Queen Marie Antoinette?

A: She ran up the royal debt. She was from Austria and was seen as an outsider, out of touch with the French people.

Q29: What was the storming of the Bastille?

A: Mob attack of a prison. It was important because it was a symbol of revolution.

Q30: What document gave French “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression?”

A: Declaration of the Rights of Man

Q31: Why did the French sell the Louisiana Territory to the US?

A: French needed money for war but didn’t want to raise taxes.

Q32: The French made a big mistake when they entered this country, which used scorched- earth strategy.

A: Russia

Q33: What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?

A: 1) balance power in Europe & establish stability, 2) restore the royalty, and 3) prevent French aggression

Q34: What were the results of the Congress of Vienna?

A: Nationalism grows, France declines in power, Britain gains power.

Q35: Why was Great Britain a good place for the Industrial Revolution to start?

A: 1) a large labor force of displaced farmers 2) an abundance of capital to invest 3) natural resources

Q36: Describe the bad conditions in early factories. How were these able to change?

A: Dangerous factories, long shifts, little pay. Changes were made because of the work of labor unions.

Q37: What were early factories located close to?

A: harbors (this helped with energy and transportation)

Q38: A person who takes risks to start a business is….?

A: Entrepreneur.

Q39: How did transportation help industrialization?

A: Goods could be transported easily, allowing industry to continue to grow.

Q40: Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?

A: Karl Marx

Q41: What was the main idea of the Communist Manifesto?

A: Workers should have more rights.

Q42: What conditions in the IR led to the development of the idea of Communism?

A: Bad factory conditions and low wages

Q43: What is standardization? Why did factory owners want this?

A: reduced options available to buyers in order to reduce product cost

Q44: What is laissez-faire?

A: Free market with no government interference.