יום זכרון לחללי הצבאות של בריטניה ומושבותיה בכל המלחמות.

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Presentation transcript:

יום זכרון לחללי הצבאות של בריטניה ומושבותיה בכל המלחמות

במהלך ביקורנו בלונדון בתחילת חודש נובמבר הופתענו לראות אזרחים רבים עונדים פרח פרג מלאכותי על דש בגדם.

בחצר כנסיית וסטמינסטר נחשפנו לתופעה אחרת סביב קברו של הלוחם האלמוני שנפל במלחמת העולם הראשונה עסקו בבניית "מיני בית עלמין לחללי הצבא הבריטי והמושבות בכל המלחמות"

ציון אישי על קברו של חלל מלחמה ו/או הנצחת שמות חללים על מצבת זיכרון הן תופעות בנות פחות ממאה שנה. עד למאה ה-19 לא יוחסה חשיבות לקבורה אישית ומכאן שלא היה ציון אישי על קברי חללי מלחמות ולכן לא היה להם ביטוי מוחשי או גיאוגרפי. בראשית מלחמת העולם הראשונה, כאשר תנאי הקרב אפשרו, נתקבע הנוהג לייחד קבר אישי לכל חלל, ומעליו ציון אישי. ההקרבה הנוראית שדרשה מלחמה זו עוררה את ההכרה באחריותה המוסרית של המדינה לקבורתם של חייליה ולהנצחתם. 13 מיליון נהרגו במלחמת העולם הראשונה - לשם השוואה, במלחמתו של נפוליאון ברוסיה נהרגו 400 אלף "בלבד". החדרת ההבנה כי יש צורך בהיערכות מתאימה לקבורת חללים רבים נזקפת לזכותו של פביאן וייר (Fabian Ware), פעיל בצלב האדום הבריטי.

מצבות של חיילים יהודיים בבית הקברות הבריטי בירושלים

מדוע נבחר הפרג כסמל ליום זה, בהמשך המצגת. ב-1917 הוקם גוף כללי הממונה על קבורת החללים והקמת בתי הקברות - הוועדה האימפריאלית לקברי מלחמה (The Imperial War Graves Commission). הוועדה הייתה אחראית על הקמת בתי קברות צבאיים לחללי בריטניה וחבר העמים הבריטי ב-140 מדינות. הבריטים החליטו לקבור את חללי האימפריה במקום נפילתם. בתי קברות אלו נקראו war cemeteries והם נתפשו כאנדרטאות זיכרון למלחמת העולם הראשונה. מספר החללים של צבאות האימפריה עמד על כ-1.1 מיליון איש, והבריטים לא יכלו לעמוד בהוצאות של הבאת כל החללים הביתה. יתר על כן, קבורת החללים בבית הקברות שהקימה הוועדה הייתה חובה, ונאסרה החזרת גופות החללים למולדתם.

לא יפלא אפוא שה-11 בנובמבר, יום סיומה של מלחמת העולם הראשונה נקבע כיום זיכרון לחללי הצבאות של בריטניה ומושבותיה בכל המלחמות. ביום זה מקיימים את הטקס המרכזי על מדשאת כנסיית וסטמינסטר ובמעשה סמלי זה מחזירים כאילו את הנופלים למולדתם.

Memorials outside London's Westminster Abbey for Remembrance Day,2009 חללי בריטניה במלחמותיה בעולם קבורים בבתי קברות הפזורים בכל רחבי העולם, על כן המנהג לרכז את שמות הנופלים, הכתובים על צלב, או במקרה של חללים יהודים על מגן דוד, במדשאה שלפני כנסיית וסמיסטר. השמות מרוכזים לפי המלחמות על יחידותיהם השונות.

In the United Kingdom, although two minutes of silence are observed on 11 November itself, the main observance is on the second Sunday of November, Remembrance Sunday. Ceremonies are held at local war memorials, usually organised by local branches of the Royal British Legion – an association for ex-servicemen. Typically, poppy wreaths are laid by representatives of the Crown, the armed forces, and local civic leaders, as well as by local organisations including ex-servicemen organisations, cadet forces, the Scouts, Guides, Boys' Brigade, St John Ambulance and the Salvation Army. The start and end of the silence is often also marked by the firing of a cannon. A minute's or two minutes' silence is also frequently incorporated into church services. Further wreath-laying ceremonies are observed at most war memorials across the UK at 11 am on the 11th of November, led by the Royal British Legion. The beginning and end of the two minutes silence is often marked in large towns and cities by the firing of ceremonial cannon and many employers, and businesses invite their staff and customers to observe the two minutes silence at 11:00 am.

חלקת החייל האלמוני

But why a poppy? Throughout the world the poppy is associated with the remembrance of those who died in order that we may be free, but how many of us are aware of the reason of how and why the poppy became the symbol of remembrance and an integral part of the work of the Royal British Legion?

Why the poppy become the symbol of remembrance Flanders is the name of the whole western part of Belgium. It saw some of the most concentrated and bloodiest fighting of the First World War. There was complete devastation. Buildings, roads, trees and natural life simply disappeared. Were once there were homes and farms there was now a sea of mud – a grave for the dead where men still lived and fought. Only one other living thing survived. The poppy flowering each year with the coming of the warm weather, brought life, hope, colour and reassurance to those still fighting. Poppies only flower in rooted up soil. Their seeds can lay in the ground for years without germinating, and only grow after the ground has been disturbed.

John McCrae, a doctor serving with the Canadian Armed Forces, was so deeply moved by what he saw in northern France that, in 1915 in his pocket book, he scribbled down the poem In Flanders Fields. The day before he wrote “In Flanders Fields”,one of John’s closest friends was killed and buried in a grave decorated with only a simple wooden cross. Wild poppies were already blooming between the crosses that marked the graves of those who were killed in battle. The day before he wrote “In Flanders Fields”,one of John’s closest friends was killed and buried in a grave decorated with only a simple wooden cross. Wild poppies were already blooming between the crosses that marked the graves of those who were killed in battle. Mc Crae’s poem was eventually published in “Punch” magazine under the title In Flanders Fields The poppy became a popular symbol for soldiers who died in battle.

In Flanders Fields In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved, and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields. John McCrae ( ) John McCrae ( )John McCraeJohn McCrae

" We Shall Keep the Faith " is a poem penned by Moina Michael in November She received inspiration for this poem from In Flanders Fields Oh! you who sleep in Flanders Fields, Sleep sweet - to rise anew! We caught the torch you threw And holding high, we keep the Faith With All who died. We cherish, too, the poppy red That grows on fields where valor led; It seems to signal to the skies That blood of heroes never dies, But lends a lustre to the red Of the flower that blooms above the dead In Flanders Fields. And now the Torch and Poppy Red We wear in honor of our dead. Fear not that ye have died for naught; We'll teach the lesson that ye wrought In Flanders Fields.

ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH EX-SERVICE MEN AND WOMEN חלקת החללים היהודים במלחמת העולם השנייה

גם ביחידות השונות חללים יהודים

A huge towering 5 metre high tribute to The Royal British Legion's annual Poppy Appeal has been erected in Heathrow Terminal 5. Passengers checking in will be greeted by an impressive 5 metre high Poppy Man comprising of over 8,000 poppies!

מקורות: קלריטה ואפרים הנכם מוזמנים להיכנס לאתר שלנו: נשמח לתגובות נשמח לתגובות