Petra Kučerová Michaela Salajková Phosphorus Petra Kučerová Michaela Salajková

Physical properties Non-metallic Density: 1,83 g/cm3 Melting point: 41 °C Boiling point: 277 °C Standart state: solid Colour: white, red and black

Chemical properties The 15th group of periodic table 3 alotropic modifications Insoluble in water Soluble in carbon disulphide (= rozpustný v sirouhlíku) Biogenic element

White phosphorus Waxy (= měkký jako vosk) Toxic Pyrophoric (= samozápalný) Phosphorescing vapors (= fosforeskující páry) Very reactive By heating to 250 °C changes into the red modification

Red phosphorus Non-toxic Less reactive than the white one Amorphous substance (= amorfní látka) Stable on air

Black phosphorus Crystal structure Metallic lustre (= kovový lesk) Heat conductor (= vodič tepla) Conductor of electric current (= vodič el. proudu) The least reactive of all modifications Non-toxic

History Discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand Isolated from urine (= získán z moči) Name – from Greek - Phosphoros = „bringer of light“ Když hledal kámen moudrosti

Occurence (= výskyt) Only compounds (apatite, phosphorite) Heavy occurence in the earth´s crust (= zemská kůra)

DNA, RNA

Lipids, bones

Uses 1 Safety matches Pyrotechnics Coca-cola Bone-ash - monocalcium phosphate – baking powder (= kostní moučka; prášek do pečiva)

Uses 2 Fertilizers (= hnojiva) Pesticides Alloys (= slitiny) Clean agents Water softeners

Hazards and risks 0,1 g of white phosphorus is deadly toxic Chronic poisoning of white phosphorus leads to necrosis of the jaw („phossy jaw“)

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