The Organization of Matter Mixtures: a) Homogeneous (Solutions) b) Heterogeneous Pure Substances Elements Compounds Atoms Nucleus Electrons Protons Neutrons Quarks Quarks

Phase Differences Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions. Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun.

Properties of Matter Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present. Volume Mass Energy Content (think Calories!) Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present. Melting point Boiling point Density

Separation of a Mixture The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means.

Separation of a Mixture The components of dyes such as ink may be separated by paper chromatography.

Separation of a Mixture by Distillation

Separation of a Compound The Electrolysis of water Compounds must be separated by chemical means. With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements Reactant  Products Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen 2 H2O  2 H2 + O2