Water Quality Criteria 1914 USA,United State Standards for Drinking Water (first issued) 1962 Safe Drinking Water Act National Interim Primary Drinking Regulations (effective in 1977) Set Maximum Contaminant Level (MCls) inorganic substance, Turbidity, coliform, 6 pesticides, radionuclide standard Reduced from formal level of 5 NTU to 1 NTU 1961 WHO - European Water Guildline Water Quality for Drinking Water ( worldwide Application 1963 ) 1975 AWWA :American Waterworks Association,Water Quality Goals ( Treatment Process and Method ) 1974 Water Quality and Treatment, AWWA 1971 Repeat revised Regulation for all public water supplies

Water Quality Criteria 1980EPA:Environment Protection Agency, impact industry THMs = 0.1 mg/l 10,000 or more persons ( require GAC ) AWWA Goals ( 1971 ) concentrate on aesthetic and other characteristics by consumer detection Filtered Water Turbidity < 0.1 NTU Color < 0.3 unit Res. Al < 0.05 mg/l Fe < 0.05 mg/l Mn < 0.01 mg/l

WSP Preparation System Assessment Operational Monitoring Management and Communication Feedback and Improvement Plan Action Check Do

กรอบแนวทางการสำรวจ วินิจฉัย เขียน Flow Chart แสดงรายละเอียดแต่ละกระบวนการ ครอบคลุมตั้งแต่ต้นน้ำ กลางน้ำและปลายน้ำของแต่ละ ที่เฉพาะแห่ง ค้นหาข้อบกพร่องโดยระบุสาเหตุและประเมินความ เสี่ยงในแต่ละด้านครอบคลุมตั้งแต่แหล่งน้ำจนถึง ระบบบริการและบ้านผู้ใช้น้ำ นำความเสี่ยงแต่ละด้านมากำหนดกระบวนการ ควบคุมว่าต้องทำอะไรบ้างและเสนอแผนการ ปรับปรุงแก้ไขเพื่อให้บรรลุผลต่อการควบคุมนั้นๆ

Algae

Diatom

pH Turbidity UV254 pH Turbidity UV254 pH Turbidity UV254 pH Coagulant & pH adjustment RAPID MIX FLOCCULATOR CLARIFICATIONFILTRATION Tropical forest River catchment 1 Run-off Raw water transfer Users City 1 Water treatment Abstraction from river Distribution system Private connection Supply flow diagram Refer to C1 description Water treatment 16

understanding of current water quality Regulatory limit Nitrate concentration leaving works 17

Description and analysis, the team will have a set of maps that show: 1. the supply’s primary and secondary infrastructure; 2. how many people use the water supply in different parts of the system 3. major hydraulic zones within the distribution system and thus water flows around the system; 4. areas where there is evidence of failures in water quality/safety management as a means of identifying particular areas of concern; 5. the environment within which the supply is found as a means of identifying potential hazardous areas; 6. known water quality failures within zones of the network. Distribution system

กปภ. สาขา เพชรบูรณ์ Catchment - Stratication ? - Eutrofication ? Treatment Process -Pretreatment ? -Additive Chemical ? Storage Tank ? Distribution ? Color Odor Fe Mn Turbidity Coliform Res.Cl 2 THM

Colloid Van der Woals Force Brownian Movement Electrostatic Repulsive Force

Coagulation & Flocculation Destabilization double layer compression charge neutralization bridging colloid entrapment

Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3.18H 2 O Al(OH) 3 Al n (OH) m Cl (3n-m) (Al 6 (OH) 1 5 ) 3+

Jar Test – Optimum pH

Jar Test –Optimum Coagulation Dose

Filtration Tank ? Org.+inorg. ? accumulation Mudball ?

Determination of mudball Add Attachment

Disinfection