1. IAFNR Module 4 Natural Resources
Water
IAFNR Module 4
Natural Resources

2. The Water Cycle
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3. Indiana Water Sources

4. Water Use Agriculture Industry Hydroelectric Plants
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5. Water Pollution
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6. Sources of Pollution Point Source Pollution
Direct introduction of contaminants into water supply at an identifiable location or multiple locations
Mostly associated with human activity
Diffuse Source Pollution (aka. non-point source)
The introduction of contaminants across a wide area
Occurs in nature and with human activity
Background Pollution
Ongoing, natural processes because of the properties of water
Nothing to do with human activity

7. Urban Pollution
Pollutions in our cities due to items such as road salts, street detergents, and sewer systems
Also includes groundwater pollution from municipal landfills
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8. Industrial Pollution Pollution from factories
Known to cause the most water pollution
Four major categories
Thermal pollution
returning heated water to a stream or river
Radioactive materials
Organic chemicals
Occurs in both industry and agriculture
Inorganic materials
Manufactured soaps, drugs, and paints
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9. Agricultural Pollution
Most common pollutants in agriculture
Animal waste, pesticides, fertilizers, salt and sediments
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Pesticide use not according to label directions may be subject to civil and/or criminal penalties
Eutrophication
The excessive enrichment of water
See photo: a eutrophic lake that was previously used to water livestock
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10. Water Purification and Treatment
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11. “Pure” Water In nature, water is NEVER pure and clean Why?
Water is a natural solvent
Solvents are substances that dissolve other substances
Water holds many substances in suspension
Moving water generates a lot of force, large particles are held within while moving rapidly
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12. Biological Impurities
Water Impurities
Chemical Impurities
Biological Impurities
Result from 1 of 3 conditions:
Water is dangerous to drink
Undesirable color
Undesirable smell
pH of water should be neutral (7.0)
Examples
Ground water
Iron and manganese
Hard Water
Calcium or magnesium
Sulfur content
Mammals, viruses, aquatic trees, and algae
All of these must be removed for human consumption of water
Turbidity
Refers to solid matter suspended in liquid

13. Water Treatment Municipal Water Treatment Plants Terms Process
Influent- untreated water that flows into plant
Effluent- treated water that flows out of plant
Process
Influent first filtered to remove large particles, solid matter, and organisms
Mixed with a coagulator in rapid mixing tank
Coagulation- the process of smaller particles clumping to make larger particles that will settle out of the water
Passes to flocculator where water is stirred to induce clumping and settling
After settling tank, water passes through filters

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15. Wastewater Treatment

16. References
Camp, W., & Heath-Camp, B. (2009) Managing our Natural Resources. New York: Delmar. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (Aug, 1998). Laws Affecting EPA's Pesticide Programs. Retrieved from: Unity Water. (2014). The Sewage Treatment Process. Retrieved from: