1. Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot      M. Thabuot CIP, Chemical Engineering KHONKAEN UNIVERSIT Y 1

2. Water Treatment Purpose: raw waterdrinking water Simple:disinfection Complex:granular activated carbon (organics) or ion-exchange (inorganics) 2 Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot

3. Substances in Water Suspended – filter, settle Colloidal Dissolved – precipitation, adsorption Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot3

4. Treatment Objectives Suspended solids Color Taste & odor Pathogens Meet SDWA standards Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot4

5. Groundwater Treatment: น้ำใต้ดิน Pump Disinfection Fluoridation Storage and Distribution Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot5

6. Are Wells Protected? wells and pumps are housed in heated and security alarmed buildings with concrete floors well houses are built to ensure that surface runoff or snow melt will not influence or contaminate the wells. Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot6

7. Surface Water Treatment: น้ำผิว ดิน Screening Coagulation Flocculation Sedimentation Filtration Disinfection Storage and Distribution Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot7

8. Treatment Plant Layout : Conventional Surface Water Treatment: น้ำผิว ดิน 8

9. Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot Surface Water Treatment: น้ำผิว ดิน 9

10. Coagulation - Mixing At the plant, the water goes through 12 foot deep flash mixers where alum and polymer are added to it. Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot10

11. Coagulation - Mixing Al 2 (S0 4 ) 3 + 3 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 = 2 Al (OH)3 + 3 CaSO 4 + 6 CO 2 Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot11

12. FLOCCULATION Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot These clumping agents make dirt and bacteria in the water stick together to form lumps of material called floc. 12

13. SEDIMENTATION Floc will settle at the bottom of the sedimen- tation basin or clarifier. The many small pieces of floc join together in a snowball effect. Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot13

14. Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot14

15. FILTRATION The processed water enters the top of the multi-media filters. Media in the filters typically consist of an granular anthracite coal, silica sand and layers of different grades of gravel. From here the water enters a reservoir. Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot15

16. DISINFECTION Lecture4_introduction to drinking water, Chemeng, KKU, M.Thabuot Chlorine is added to kill any bacteria that remain and make sure the water stays uncontaminated during distribution to the tap. 16