1. Assessing Plant DBP Performance Using the DBP-CPE Warren J. Swanson, P.E. 2004 RMSAWWA/RMWEA Annual Conference Grand Junction, Colorado Schmueser gordon meyer, inc. Glenwood Springs Aspen Crested Butte Meeker

2. Thanks to the Project Team… Alison Dugan, USEPA, Cincinnati Alison Dugan, USEPA, Cincinnati  Total System Optimization program Larry DeMers, Process Applications, Inc., Fort Collins Larry DeMers, Process Applications, Inc., Fort Collins R. Scott Summers, CU Boulder R. Scott Summers, CU Boulder

3. This Presentation Will… Increase awareness of EPA’s optimization efforts Increase awareness of EPA’s optimization efforts Introduce DBP optimization tools being developed for states and utilities Introduce DBP optimization tools being developed for states and utilities Hopefully, encourage participation! Hopefully, encourage participation!

4. Why Optimize? Why Not? Improve Water Quality in Your Community! Increase Operations Efficiency! Boost Workplace Satisfaction! Ensure Regulatory Compliance!

5. What is a CPE? C omprehensive C omprehensive  Technical, managerial, financial P erformance P erformance  Measured against goals that EXCEED regs  Roots in optimized filter performance E valuation E valuation  What limits a systems performance?  What control strategies apply?  Can optimization alone achieve goals?

6. CPE Contexts and Uses 1) Stand-alone evaluation 1) Stand-alone evaluation  By a water utility or its consultant  By a State primacy agency 2) Part of a larger program 2) Part of a larger program  EPA-State area-wide optimization programs

7. What is a DBP-CPE? Extension of traditional CPE Extension of traditional CPE Focus: Simultaneous Optimization of Focus: Simultaneous Optimization of  Disinfection  Disinfection By-Products By nature, it’s scope is system-wide: By nature, it’s scope is system-wide: WTP Distribution System Raw Water Quality

8. DBP-CPE Components

9. Optimized DBP Goals (currently draft) TTHMs and HAA5 TTHMs and HAA5  Locational Running Annual Average Basis  TTHMs: 75  g/L; HAA5: 55  g/L Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Removal Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Removal  Exceed Enhanced Coag. Requirements by 10%

10. Case Study: City of Winchester, USA  4.5-mgd conventional plant  4.5-mgd conventional plant  10,000 customers  10,000 customers No Stage 1 DBP Rule compliance issues No Stage 1 DBP Rule compliance issues Higher than desired DBPs Higher than desired DBPs Stage 2 compliance not a sure bet Stage 2 compliance not a sure bet

11. Process Flow Diagram RM FLOC/ SED CLEAR WELL MEDIA FILTERS Cl 2 PACl Cl 2 River Source Reservoir Source KMnO 4 10-1000 NTU 1.5-4.5 ppm TOC Dist. Sys.

12. One of the First Steps: Historical Distribution System DBP Data Analysis

13. Historical TOC Removal Performance Should be Assessed…

14. Historical CT Data Are Very Useful… Disinfection Achieved / Required @ Plant Effluent After Pre-Cl 2 Segment

15. Special Study: On-Site DBP Profile Pre-Cl 2 SegmentPlant EffluentDist. Sys.

16. Historical Cl 2 Residual Profiling

17. Special Study: EC Jar Test Consider Secondary Impacts: -> Turb. -> pH -> Sludge

18. Distribution System Can Be Important Area for DBP Control TANK ANALYSIS TOOLS Tank turnover spreadsheet Tank turnover spreadsheet  Reducing Water Age  Reducing Water Age Tank mixing spreadsheet Tank mixing spreadsheet  Reducing Stratification & DBP Excursions  Reducing Stratification & DBP Excursions BOOSTER CHLORINATION Adds to optimization potential Adds to optimization potential

19. Control Strategies Are a Key Outcome of a DBP-CPE Control Strategy Optimize Disinfection Lower TOC Optimize Water Age & Mixing Basis for Considering High Cl 2 residuals High Cl 2 residuals High CT High CT DBP Profile DBP Profile PR < 1 PR < 1 EC jar testing EC jar testing High turnover High turnover Poor mixing Poor mixing Secondary Impacts (cautions) Inadequate CT Inadequate CT Turbidity  Turbidity  Fe & Mn; T&O Fe & Mn; T&O Low DS residuals Low DS residuals Biogrowth Biogrowth Sludge handling Sludge handling Low pH (corrosion) Low pH (corrosion) Turbidity  Turbidity  Low tank volume & pressure Low tank volume & pressure Short term water quality changes Short term water quality changes Flexibility to Implement Sufficient post CT Sufficient post CT Sufficient DS res. Sufficient DS res. Alternative oxidant Alternative oxidant Alternative T&O Alternative T&O Sufficient sludge handling Sufficient sludge handling Alternative coagulants Alternative coagulants Alkalinity addition Alkalinity addition Flexibility to remove tanks Flexibility to remove tanks Flexibility to exercise tanks Flexibility to exercise tanks

20. DBP Capability Assessment Provides Key Information to the Utility… Even with optimization, can a plant meet the goals? Even with optimization, can a plant meet the goals?  More challenging question than for a microbial CPE “DBP Capability Assessment Tool” (DBP-CAT) “DBP Capability Assessment Tool” (DBP-CAT)  Predictive spreadsheet program  Considers major control strategies  Currently being field-tested

21. Wrap-up USEPA currently developing DBP optimization tools for States and water utilities USEPA currently developing DBP optimization tools for States and water utilities These tools are being developed and field- tested around the country These tools are being developed and field- tested around the country Project team seeks interested utilities! Project team seeks interested utilities! For more information, contact: warrens@sgm-inc.com Schmueser gordon meyer, inc. Glenwood Springs Aspen Crested Butte Meeker