SEISMIC DILATOMETER EUROCODE 7 (1997). Standard Test Method, European Committee for Standardization Part 3: Design Assisted by Field Testing, Section 9: FLAT DILATOMETER TEST (DMT), 9 pp. TC16 (1997). “The DMT in soil Investigations”, a report by the ISSMGE Technical Committee tc16 ON Ground Property, Characterization from in-situ testing, 41 pp. ASTM (2002). Standard Test Method D , American Society for Testing and Materials The standard test method for performing the Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT), 14 pp. FLAT DILATOMETER

WAYS OF INSERTING THE BLADE “TORPEDO” INSERTION METHOD Pushed by truckPushed by a drill rig Driven by a drill rig Pushed from a fixed platform Driven by SPT Tripod Driven or pushed by a static/dynamic penetrometer Torpedo L  3 m

SDMT TEST RESULTS SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY Vs (m/s) Z A B C Po P1 P2 Gamma Sigma' Uo Id Kd Ed Ud Ko Ocr Phi M Cu D1 (m) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kN/m^3) (kPa) (kPa) (MPa) (Deg) (MPa) (kPa) DESCRIPTION SANDY SILT SANDY SILT SILTY SAND SANDY SILT SANDY SILT SILTY CLAY SILTY CLAY MUD CLAY MUD MUD ………………………………… CLAY CLAY CLAY CLAY CLAY CLAY CLAYEY SILT CLAY SILTY CLAY CLAY CLAY LEGEND Z = Depth Below Ground Level Po,P1,P2 = Corrected A,B,C readings Id = Material Index Ed = Dilatometer modulus Ud = Pore Press. Index Gamma = Bulk unit weight Sigma' = Effective overb. Stress Uo = Pore pressure INTERPRETED PARAMETERS Phi = Safe floor value Friction Angle Ko = In situ earth press. coeff. M = Constrained modulus (at Sigma') Cu = Undrained shear strength Ocr = Overconsolidation ratio DMT TABULAR OUTPUT

DISTORTIONS IN CLAY SETTLEMENT PREDICTION Bullock & Failmezger (Porto 2004) CONE WEDGE

DETECTING SLIP SURFACES IN A SLOPE SLIDING 1 REMOULDING 2 RECONSOLIDATION 3 (NC STATE) INSPECT K D 4 PROFILE COMPACTION CONTROL DMT reflects more sensitively compaction benefits and modulus increase LIQUEFACTION RECOMMENDATIONS Seismicity of the areaa max / gKd,min Nonseismic/1.7 Low seismicity Average seismicity High seismicity Kd limits for safety vs liquefaction For magnitude = 7.5 earthquake  H RELAXATION BEHIND A LANDSLIDE  ’ Horizontal Stress kPa Absolute Elevations (m) Landslide in Milazzzo, Sicily Depth Z(m) M DMT (kPa)

Cu comparisons Field Vane at Skeena Ontario Canada Mekechuk 1983 M comparisons National Site BOTHKENNAR UK Nash et al., Géotechnique, June 1995, p Z (m) kPa Z (m) A.G.I., 10 th ECSMFE Firenze 1991 Vol. 1, p. 37 National Site FUCINO ITALY Wong, J.T.F. & Dobie, M.J.D Malaysian Clays Cu in Recife Clay – Brazil Univ. of Pernambuco Research Site 1 Coutinho et al., Atlanta ISC 1999 CONSTRAINED MODULUS M (MPa) Z (m) ONSOY Clay (NORWAY) Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (1986). "In Situ Site Investigation Techniques and interpretation for offshore practice" Report by S. Lacasse, Fig. 16a, 8 Sept 86 FAILMEZGER, 1999 SITES IN VIRGINIA, U.S.A. Geotechnical Research Center Kiso-Jiban Consultants Co., Tokyo M in Tokyo Bay Clay CONSTRAINED MODULUS M (MPa)

SDMT SISMOGRAMS AS RECORDEDRE-PHASED Z (m)

SDMT REPEATABILITY Z [m]Vs [m/s] Each Vs corresponds to a single blow of the hammer Differences of Vs: 1 m/s VALIDATION SDMT at FUCINO Research Site June 2004

DMT WORLD COMMUNITY NORTH AMERICA 1. GPE, Inc.- Mr. Paul Bullock Gainesville, FL 2. Schmertmann & Crapps, Inc.-Dr.John Schmertmann Gainesville, FL 3. Mobile Augers Ltd.-Mr. Nestor Zacharko Edmonton, ALBERTA 4. Site Investigation Services-Mr. John Hayes Peterborough, ONTARIO 5. Clarkson College-Dr. Ambin Huang Potsdam, NY 6. Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 7. Terra Technologies-Mr. Rick Klopp Richmond, TX 8. Ellis & Associates-Mr. Steve Weaver Jacksonville, FL 9. Colorado State University-Dr. John Nelson Fort Collins, CO 10. North Carolina State University-Dr. Roy Borden Raleigh, NC 11. National Research Council of Canada-Dr.J.M.Konrad Ottawa, ONTARIO 12. Carleton University-Prof.Gunther Bauer Ottawa, ONTARIO 13. Northwestern University-Dr. Ray Krizek Evanston, IL 14. Ground Engineering Inc.-Mr.John DeMonte St. Louis, MO 15. Pennsylvania Dept. of Transportation-Mr. Ken Rush Harrisburg, PA 16. University of British Columbia-Dr. R. Campanella Vancouver, BRITISH COLUMBIA 17. Geotechnique Consultants-Mr. Jorge Pachas Irvine, CA 18. University of Florida / Geot.Eng.-Dr. David Bloomquist Gainesville, FL 19. Williams Earth Sciences, Inc.-Mr. Keith Bennett Clearwater, FL 20. University of Florida-Dr. Byron Ruth Gainesville, FL 21. Law Engineering-Mr. Chris Giese Chantilly, VA 22. Earth Engineering & Sciences, Inc.-Mr. Sam Gupta Baltimore, MD 23. Hogentogler & Co.-Mr. Tom Nolan Gaithersburg, MD 24. Ontario Hydro-Mr.Chris Cragg Toronto, ONTARIO 25. Dominion Soils Investigatation-Mr. Mike Fabius Thunder Bay, ONTARIO 26. Iowa State University-Dr. Richard Handy Ames, IA 27. Louisiana State University-Dr. Mehmet Tumay Baton Rouge, LA 28. California Polytechnic Institute-Dr. Jay Natale San Luis Obispo, CA 29. University of Texas-Dr. Ken Stokoe Austin, TX 30. University of Michigan-Dr. Roman Hryciw Ann Arbor, MI 31. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation-Mr. Jeffrey Farrar Denver, CO 32. Alabama Power Co.-Mr. Clayton Gore Birmingham, AL 33. University of New Hampshire-Dr. Jean Benoit Durham, NH 34. University of Wisconsin / Madison-Dr. Peter Bosscher Madison, WI 35. Florida DOT / District 3-Mr. William Knight Chipley, FL 36. Florida DOT / District 5-Mr. Tom Malerk Deland, FL 37. Dominion Soils Investigation-Mr. Tom O'Dwyer Windsor, ONTARIO 38. University of California / Berkeley Berkeley, CA 39. T.L.B. & Associates-Mr. Tom Brown Crofton, MD 40. University of North Carolina-Dr. Janardhan Charlotte, NC 41. Driggers Engineering & Testing-Mr. Jamie Driggers Clearwater, FL 42. ATEC & Associates-Mr. Andy Frank Marietta, GA 43. KCI Technologies-Mr. Jay Burtis Jessup, MD 44. Florida DOT / Research & Materials-Dr. Robert Ho Gainesville, FL 45. Florida DOT / District1-Ms. Terri Puckett Bartow, FL 46. University of Massachusetts-Dr. Alan Lutenegger Amherst, MA 47. Ardaman & Associates-Dr. Robert Martin Orlando, FL 48. Cornell University-Dr. Fred Kulhawy Ithaca, NY 49. Virginia Polytechnic Institute Blacksburg, VA 50. University of Nebraska-Dr. J.Benak Lincoln, NE 51. Pacific Gas & Electric-Mr. Bob McManus San Ramon, CA 52. LawEngineering-Mr. Kirk McIntosh Jacksonville, FL 53. Law Engineering-Mr. Steve Willenborg Atlanta, GA 54. University of Illinois Chicago, IL 55. Merlex Engineering Ltd.-Mr. Mike Merleau North Bay, ONTARIO 56. Maryland State Highway Admin.-Mr. Dan Sajedi Brooklandville, MD 57. Georgia Institute of Technology-Dr. Paul Mayne Atlanta, GA 58. VBI In-Situ TestingInc.-Mr. Virgil Baker Oakland, CA 59. Oklahoma DOT-Dr. James Nevels Oklahoma City, OK 60. Bucknell University-Dr. Jeffrey Evans Lewisburg, PA 61. Universal Engineering Sciences-Mr. Bruce Woloshin Orlando, FL 62. Alberta Transportation & Utilities-Dr. Vishnu Diyaljee Edmonton, ALBERTA 63. Geopac, Inc.-Mr. Jean-Francois Morel Boucherville, QUEBEC 64. Warren George, Inc.-Mr. Lowell Babb Jersey City, NJ 65. Florida DOT / District 2-Mr. Chandra Samakura Lake City, FL 66. Virginia Military Institute-Dr. Grigg Mullen Lexington, VA 67. Applied Research Associates-Mr. Jim Shinn South Royalton, VT 68. In-Situ Soil Testing L.C.-Mr. Roger Failmezger Alexandria, VA 69. Alston Associates Inc.-Mr. Colin Alston Markham, ONTARIO 70. F & ME Consultants Inc.-Mr. Zane Abernathy Columbia, SC 71. Agra Earth & Environmental Inc.-Dr. Wesley Spang Portland, OR 72. Atlanta Testing & Engineering Jacksonville, FL 73. TGC GEOTECNIA Mexico City, MEXICO 74. WRIGHT, PEDGETT & ASSOCIATES Mount Pleasant, SC OTHER COUNTRIES 1. PALER SA Montagnola, SWITZERLAND 2. L'AQUILA UNIVERSITY L'Aquila, ITALY 3. CAMBRIDGE INSITU Cambridge, ENGLAND 4. STUDIO GEOTECNICO ITALIANO Milan, ITALY 5. LICCA, INC. Caracas, VENEZUELA 6. RAYMOND INTERNATIONAL, UK London, ENGLAND 7. TERRAMONITORING Johannesburg, S.AFRICA 8. DR. ALVARO MILAN Pereira, COLOMBIA 9. CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS OBRAS PUBLICAS Madrid, SPAIN 10. PM INSITU TECHNIQUES Cambridge, ENGLAND 11. NORWEGIAN GEOTECHNICAL INSTITUTE Oslo, NORWAY 12. NORWEGIAN ROAD AUTHORITY Oslo, NORWAY 13. CHALMERS UNIVERSITY Goteborg, SWEDEN 14. NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE of THECNOLOGY Trondheim, NORWAY 15. NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE SINGAPORE 16. UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE Adelaide, AUSTRALIA 17. VIAK AB CONSULTING ENGINEERS Goteborg, SWEDEN 18. GEOMECHANICA, S.A. Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL 19. ROAD CONSTRUCTION AUTHORITY Melbourne, AUSTRALIA 20. BUILDING RES. ESTABLISHMENT (BRE) England, UK 21. FUGRO UK England, UK 22. DOUGLAS & PARTNERS Sydney, AUSTRALIA 23. GEOSTUDIO VICENZETTO SAS Padova, ITALY 24. TECNOSOL SPA Roma, ITALY 25. RADAELLI CASTELLOTTI SRL Segrate-Milano, ITALY 26. CONSONDA SPA Milano, ITALY 27. RODIO SPA Milano, ITALY 28. GEOTECHNICAL SERVICE SNC Trento, ITALY 29. SOILTEST SNC Arezzo, ITALY 30. GEOTEST SRL Roma, ITALY 31. SOLISONDA Pescara, ITALY 32. ASIA - TECH ENGNG. CONSULTANTS INC. Taipei, TAIWAN ROC 33. BUNDESANSTALT FUR WASSERBAU Karlsruhe, WEST GERMANY 34. VIAK AB CONSULTING ENGINEERS Karlstad, SWEDEN 35. 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ASSOCIADOS Sao Paulo, BRAZIL 103. ARCOS - Mr. Da Silva Belo Horizonte, BRAZIL 104. KOREAN HIGHWAY CORP. Seoul, KOREA 105. MONASH UNIVERSITY Clayton, AUSTRALIA 106. BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH INST. Cairo, EGYPT 107. HEBO Poznan Poznan, POLAND 108. I - GEOTEST Girona, SPAIN 109. UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASILIA Brasilia, BRAZIL 110. EPC Beijing Beijing, CHINA 111. EDILGEOSONDA Chieti, ITALY 112. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATERINA Florianopolis, BRAZIL 113. GEOLOGICAL Geophisic Prospecting Catania, ITALY 114. TECNA Dr. Moretti Arezzo, ITALY 115. DIAGNOSTIC ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS Taiwan, TAIPEI 116. GEO Ing. Taddei L'Aquila, ITALY 117. INGEOMINAS Bogotà, COLOMBIA 118. FFSS Ferrovie Stato. Lab mobile Indagini Geotecniche. Roma, ITALY 119. GEOSAN Istanbul, TURKEY 120. GEO LOGIC Bolzano, ITALY 121. GEOSTUDI Pomezia, ITALY 122. STUDIO GARASSINO Milano, ITALY 123. Dr. Lipari e Muratore Geologists Enna, ITALY 124. Dr. Trossero Geologist Torino, ITALY 125. UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Perth, AUSTRALIA 126. DONG CONSULTANTS Seoul, SOUTH KOREA 127. Dr. Lacava Geologist Potenza, ITALY 128. ICOSEM Trapani, ITALY 129. ACES - ARAB CENTER ENGINEER STUDIES Dubai, CENTER ARAB EMIRATS 130. Dr. Bartolucci Geologist Pescara, ITALY 131. LJUBLJANA UNIVERSITY Ljubljana, SLOVENIA 132. GEOTEST BRNO Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC 133. SACCHETTO S.P.G. Adria, ITALY 134. PARAHYANGAN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Bandung, INDONESIA 135. YOOKU ENGINEERING Seoul, KOREA 136. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEAN TECHNOLOGY Chennai, INDIA 137. GEOINZENIRING Ljubljana, SLOVENIA 138. Dr. Balachowski Gdansk, POLAND 139. TIANJIN URBAN CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTE Tianjin, China 140. SAMSUNG CORPORATION Seoul, Korea 141. MCCONNELL CONSULTING PTY LTD Brisbane, Australia 142. GCT ALPHA - Dr. Peiffer Schoten, Belgium 143. MOTA-ENGIL S.A. Canelas, Portugal