1. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs;

2. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
COMMON FEATURES
Organizations
Private
Non-Profit-Distributing
Self-Governing
Voluntary

3. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Museums
Hospitals
Trade
Associations
Universities
Environmental
Groups
Clinics
Human Rights Organizations
Professional
Organizations
SportsClubs
Day Care
Centers
Foundations
Personal Social Services

4. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
1. Civil society is made up only of NGOs;
2. The civil society sector is a marginal actor economically;

5. FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FORCE
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
FINDING I: A MAJOR ECONOMIC FORCE
36 Countries
$1.33 trillion in operating expenditures
45.5 million FTE jobs
7.5% of non-agricultural employment
4.4% of economically active population
46% of public sector employment

6. IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR WERE A COUNTRY….
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
IF THE CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR WERE A COUNTRY….
Country
GDP (trillion $)
U.S.
$7.2
Japan
5.1
China
2.8
Germany
2.2
U.K.
1.4
France
1.3
CIVIL SOCIETY SECTOR
EXPENDITURES (35 Countries)
1.3
Italy
1.1
Brazil
0.7
Russia
0.7
Spain
0.6
Canada
0.5

7. Civil Society Organization Employment in Context 36 Countries
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Civil Society Organization Employment in Context 36 Countries
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Millions of Employees
Volunteers
Paid staff
25.5 20
Civil
Society Orgs.
45.5
44.3
Cons-
truction
39.3
Trans-
portation 6
Utilities

8. EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. VS. LARGEST FIRMS (35 COUNTRIES)
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
EMPLOYMENT IN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGS. VS. LARGEST FIRMS (35 COUNTRIES)
Civil Society Organizations
22.7 million
Largest Private Companies
3.4 million

9. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
3. Civil society organizations are chiefly an American phenomenon and are not present in the welfare states of Europe, where reliance on government is greater.
4. There is no civil society sector for all intents and purposes in the Scandinavian countries, where the welfare state is most fully developed;

10. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY
4.4%
All countries*
2.7%
1.6% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
Volunteers
Paid Staff
Netherlands
9.2%
5.1%
14.4%
Austria
4.9%
Japan
3.8%
1.1%
Spain
4.8%
4.3%
4.2%
3.4%
Argentina
South Africa
Italy
2.9%
2.8%
3.2%
2.3%
1.8%
1.9%
1.5%
1.0%
1.6%
U.K.
10.9%
9.8%
8.5%
8.0%
7.6%
7.2%
7.1%
Israel
Ireland
Belgium
France
Norway
Sweden
U.S.
8.6%
8.3%
6.3%
6.6%
3.7%
2.7%
1.7%
2.1%
3.5%
3.6%
1.4%
4.4%
10.4%
Australia
5.3%
Finland
Germany
2.4%
5.9%

11. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE AS % OF ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION, BY COUNTRY
All countries*
2.7%
1.6%
4.4%
India
0.6%
0.8%
1.4%
0.2%
1.6%
Brazil
Poland
0.7%
1.2%
1.9%
Philippines
1.3%
2.0%
Czech Republic
1.0%
1.5%
Morocco
Pakistan
0.4%
0.9%
1.1%
Hungary
Slovakia
0.3%
0.1%
Mexico
Romania
Peru
2.5%
2.4%
South Korea
Colombia
1.8%
2.3%
Uganda
.9%
0.5%
2.1%
Tanzania
Kenya
Egypt
2.7%
2.8%
.01% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
10%
12%
Paid Staff
Volunteers

12. GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX: COUNTRY SCORES
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY INDEX: COUNTRY SCORES
Country
Netherlands
Norway
United States
Sweden
United Kingdom
Belgium
Israel
Ireland
Australia
Franc e
Finland
Germany
Spain
Argentina
Tanzania
Uganda
Japan
Capacity 79 55 76 58 66 65 70 64 51 56 48 47 54 45 44 38
Sustainability 54 82 56 60 45 42 46 37 35 32 34
Impact 89 59 54 67 50 60 52 49 44 47 30 36 38 35
Total 74 65 61 60 58 57 54 49 47 46 40 39 37 36

13. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries;

14. CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES
Paid Workers
56%
Volunteers
44%
n=65.5 million
(including religion)

15. VOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSO WORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTER
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
VOLUNTEERS AS % OF CSO WORKFORCE, BY COUNTRY CLUSTER
All countries
38% 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
% of CSO Workforce
Developed
39%
Developing
37%
Africa
54%
Nordic
64%
Latin America
30%
Welfare Partnership
32%
Asian Industrialized
24%
Central Europe
Anglo-Saxon
37%

16. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
5. Volunteers play a more important role in the civil society workforce in developing than developed countries;
6. Paid staff drive out reliance on volunteers.

17. Civil Society Paid vs. Volunteer Staff
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
Civil Society Paid vs. Volunteer Staff
Volunteers
Percent of Countries
Above Average
61%
Below Average
39%
Total
67%
33%
100%
Paid Staff
14% 8%
25%
53%

18. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;

19. Johns Hopkins University
The State of Nonprofit America
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
Johns Hopkins University
The Service Role
The Advocacy Role
The Expressive Role
The Community-Building Role
The Value Guardian Role
Source: Lester M. Salamon, The State of Nonprofit America
(Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2002)

20. DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE, BY FUNCTION
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
DISTRIBUTION OF CIVIL SOCIETY WORKFORCE, BY FUNCTION
Education
23%
Service
64%
Culture
19%
Social Services
19%
Expressive
32%
Misc. Advocacy
13%
Health
14%
Other 4%
Development 8%

21. The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
SHARE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION WORKFORCE IN EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS, (INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT)
All countries
41% 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
% of CSO Workforce
Developed
37%
Developing
44%
Africa
51%
Nordic
67%
Central Europe
55%
Anglo-Saxon
36%
Latin America
33%
Welfare Partnership
29%
Asian Industrialized
16%

22. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;
8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;

23. SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE)
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (32 COUNTRYAVERAGE)
Philanthropy
12%
Fees
53%
Government35%

24. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in advocacy and social change;
8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;
9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S.

25. SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY
Fees, Charges
Public Sector
Philanthropy
All Countries
53%
35%
12%
FEE DOMINANT
40% 0%
20%
60%
80%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Spain
Japan
Hungary
U.S.
Czech Rep.
Pakistan
Tanzania
Slovakia
Finland
Norway
Poland
Italy
Sweden
Australia
Peru
Colombia
S. Korea
Argentina
Brazil
Kenya
Mexico
Philippines
81%
55%
70%
60%
57%
53%
51%
74%
73%
62%
61%
58%
49%
47%
52%
63%
71%
85%
92%
27%
22%
23%
32%
19%
20%
31%
13%
36% 6%
24% 4%
35% 7%
29% 9%
15%
39%
14%
11% 5%
43%
45% 3%
18%
37%
12%

26. SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION REVENUE, BY COUNTRY
12%
Fees, Charges
Public Sector
Philanthropy
All Countries
53%
35%
Government Dominant
60%
40% 0%
20%
80%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Ireland
Belgium
Germany
Israel
Netherlands
France
Austria
U.K.
Romania
South Africa
39%
32%
16%
29%
45%
35%
26%
43%
19% 9%
10% 8% 6% 3% 7% 2% 5%
24%
45%
50%
59%
64%
47%
58%
77%
44%
% may not add up to 100% due to rounding

27. 10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
10 GREAT MYTHS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
7. The civil society sector is mostly engaged in delivering services;
8. Philanthropy is the chief source of civil society revenue;
9. Philanthropy is at least the chief source of civil society revenue in the U.S.
10. The civil society sector is growing at a slower rate than the private business sector.

28. GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, 1990-95 (8 COUNTRIES)
The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project
GROWTH IN CIVIL SOCIETY vs. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, (8 COUNTRIES) 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Civil Society Employment
24.4%
8.1%
Total
Employment
% Change in Employment