The Roaring 20’s Chapter 21 Notes

New Cities Emerged NYC: 5.6 million people Chicago: 3 million people Philadelphia: 2 million people Were all very diverse and industrial Public transit and entertainment were big Allowed people to share ideas, cultures, etc

Prohibition Started: January, 1920 (18 th Amendment) Ended: 1933 (21 st Amendment) Manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol was illegal Speakeasies: illegal bars (people spoke quietly so as not to be detected by officials) Bootleggers: people who smuggled alcohol into America

The Stork Club A Famous Speakeasy

Drawing of Speakeasy

Organized Crime Organized Crime started in cities and were strong opponents of prohibition Al Capone was a famous gangster in Chicago – was the main bootlegger for the city –He killed competing Bootleggers

Al Capone

Science and Religion Clash Fundamentalism: protestant movement that believed in a literal, nonsymbolic interpretation of the bible –Rejected the theory of evolution –Evangelicals had revivals all over America

The Scopes Trial 1925: Tennessee passed a law making it illegal to teach evolution in schools John Scopes taught it to his Bio class anyway –Taught it only as a theory, not as truth Clarence Darrow: lawyer for Scopes William Jennings Bryan: lawyer for TN Was the court case every American was talking about Scopes was found guilty, but only after Darrow got Bryan to admit the Bible could be interpreted in several different ways

Women in the 20’s Flappers: young women who embraced new fashions and urban attitudes of the 20’s Many women became more assertive and fought for political and social equality They seemed rebellious to older generations A double standard still existed in dating: it was socially acceptable for men to have sexual freedom but women were looked down for it

Flappers

Gender Roles in the 20’s More Women were working and going to college Families had less children due to the spread of birth control –Margaret Sanger: Founded the American Birth Control League in 1921 and worked to inform Americans about birth control Children went to school, not work

Schools Large numbers go to HS for the first time Taught immigrant children English and about American culture More money was spent on schools

American Leisure Time Radio: became really famous in the 20s Lindbergh’s Flight: millions were interested in Lindbergh’s attempt to fly across the Atlantic and when he returned there was a big ticker tape parade for him in NYC

Lindbergh's Parade

Other Entertainment The Jazz Singer: First major movie with sound Steamboat Willie: First Disney movie with sound “talkies”: nickname for movies with sound The Hairy Ape: Modern American play George Gershwin: famous American Composer

The Jazz Singer Sign:

Micky as Steamboat Willie

Gershwin Composing See Video of Gershwin's Works

More 20’s Entertainment Georgia O’Keefe and Edward Hopper were famous American artists of the time Sinclair Lewis was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel “Babbitt” F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote “The Great Gatsby”

Works of Georgia O’Keefe

Edward Hopper Paintings

Watch Clips from The Great Gatsby W4WJ6tpZeA e3qAK3_Tpw

Ernest Hemingway Also a 1920s writer Saw action in WWI Like many writers of the time, he denounced war because of it Wrote The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms

Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance: A literary and artistic movement celebrating African-American culture Many black writers, musicians, and artists became prominent during the H.R.

Harlem Renaissance Zora Neale Hurston: wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God James Weldon Johnson: Led NAACP Marcus Garvey: Led the Universal Negro Improvement Assoc. and encouraged African Americans to go back to Africa to build a new world power

Harlem Renaissance Claude McKay: poet who wrote about African Americans resisting discrimination Langston Hughes: one of the H.R.’s best known poets

Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore-- And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over-- like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

Harlem Renaissance Music Shuffle Along: Paul Robeson: Louis Armstrong: Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington: Bessie Smith: Sentence

Golden Age of Sports Babe Ruth Gertrude Ederle