2. The Roaring Life of the 1920s Chapter 21 Mr. King CCHS

3. New Urban Scene 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" A period of great change in American Society A period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time For first time the census reflected an urban society For first time the census reflected an urban society - 65 cities with over 100,000 people - city life fast paced, drinking, gambling, casual dating

4. Prohibition Liquor led to crime, family abuse and accidents on the job Liquor led to crime, family abuse and accidents on the job 18 th Amendment made it illegal to manufacture, sale and transport alcohol 18 th Amendment made it illegal to manufacture, sale and transport alcohol Volstead Act established the Prohibition Bureau, but it was underfunded and undermanned Volstead Act established the Prohibition Bureau, but it was underfunded and undermanned

5. Prohibition (Continued) Speakeasies were places where people could illegally buy liquor Speakeasies were places where people could illegally buy liquor –They were in cellars and hardware stores Bootleggers were individuals who smuggled alcohol into the U.S Bootleggers were individuals who smuggled alcohol into the U.S - hide liquor in boots

6. Background on Speakeasies Speakeasies Speakeasies –Bartenders would tell patrons to “speak easy” when ordering alcohol –Enabled people of color to drink w/out discrimination Blind Pig Blind Pig - lower class establishment than speakeasies The Mayflower Club was considered the swankiest speakeasy in Washington, DC. It offered liquor and gambling.Washington, DC

7. Al Capone was the most famous organized crime boss in Chicago Al Capone was the most famous organized crime boss in Chicago He killed off most of his competition He killed off most of his competition By Mid 20s only 19% support Prohibition By Mid 20s only 19% support Prohibition 1933: 21 st Amendment repealed Prohibition 1933: 21 st Amendment repealed Prohibition Prohibition (Continued) Al Capone

8. American Fundamentalism Fundamentalism believed in the literal interpretation of the bible. Fundamentalism believed in the literal interpretation of the bible. They were skeptical of science and rejected theory of evolution They were skeptical of science and rejected theory of evolution Use religious revivals or radio to spread word of God Use religious revivals or radio to spread word of God

9. Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Dayton, Tennessee Famous Lawyers Science vs. Religion John Scopes High School Biology teacher

10. The Scopes Trial 1925: TN made it a crime to teach evolution 1925: TN made it a crime to teach evolution John Scopes defied the law and the ACLU hired Clarence Darrow to defend him John Scopes defied the law and the ACLU hired Clarence Darrow to defend him Prosecutor: William Jennings Bryan Prosecutor: William Jennings Bryan

11. The Scopes Trial (July 10, 1925) Darrow called Bryan to the stand Darrow called Bryan to the stand Bryan: “Not 6 days of 24 hours” Bryan: “Not 6 days of 24 hours” Scopes found Guilty Scopes found Guilty TN Supreme Court overturned ruling TN Supreme Court overturned ruling Darrow and Bryan

12. Women FLAPPERS FLAPPERS - Bobbed hair, short dresses - Bobbed hair, short dresses - Smoked, drank, talked about sex - Smoked, drank, talked about sex - Marriage an equal partnership - Marriage an equal partnership

13. Women Not all subscribed to Flapper Not all subscribed to Flapper Casual Dating rose Casual Dating rose Men could have greater sexual freedom, while women had to observe stricter standards. This is known as the double standard Men could have greater sexual freedom, while women had to observe stricter standards. This is known as the double standard

14. Celebrities Babe Ruth & Ty Cobb Jack Dempsey Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis

15. Changing Family Births decreased Births decreased Free time for women Free time for women - worked outside of home - went to college - joined professions More children in schools More children in schools Teens spent less time with family Teens spent less time with family

16. Education and News School enrollment increased School enrollment increased Newspaper circulation rose Newspaper circulation rose Mass circulation magazines summarized the weeks news Mass circulation magazines summarized the weeks news Americans tuned into radio which became the most powerful means of mass communication Americans tuned into radio which became the most powerful means of mass communication Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC

17. Movies, Writers, and Artists A national pastime A national pastime In 1927 The Jazz Singer was the first “Talkie” In 1927 The Jazz Singer was the first “Talkie” Steamboat Willie was the first talking animated movie with sound Steamboat Willie was the first talking animated movie with sound Talkies doubled attendance Talkies doubled attendance Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”

18. F. Scott Fitzgerald and Sinclair Lewis Fitzgerald coined the term “Jazz Age” Fitzgerald coined the term “Jazz Age” - The Great Gatsby showed negative side of the period - The Great Gatsby showed negative side of the period Sinclair Lewis: first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature Sinclair Lewis: first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature

19. The Lost Generation  The Lost Generation were a group of writers who moved to France because they were disgusted with U.S. culture.  Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein and Ernest Hemingway were some of this club’s members  Hemingway’s novels The Sun Also Rise and A Farewell to Arms he criticized glorification of war

20. Playwrights and Musicians Plays broke away from European traditions Plays broke away from European traditions –Eugene O’Neil George Gershwin George Gershwin –Merged US Jazz with traditional elements

21. The Harlem Renaissance A period of African-American artistic activity A period of African-American artistic activity

22. Louis Armstrong One of the most influential musicians in the history of Jazz One of the most influential musicians in the history of Jazz

23. Bessie Smith Female blues singer Female blues singer 1927, highest paid black artist in the world. 1927, highest paid black artist in the world.

24. James Weldon Johnson Poet Poet Lawyer Lawyer Executive Secretary of the NAACP Executive Secretary of the NAACP

25. Langston Hughes Poet Poet Describes the difficult lives of working-class African Americans Describes the difficult lives of working-class African Americans

26. Marcus Garvey Established the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Established the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Believed in Black pride Believed in Black pride Advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa Purchased a ship to start the Black Star line Purchased a ship to start the Black Star line Attracted many investments: government charged him with w/fraud Attracted many investments: government charged him with w/fraud Found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist Found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist