AP Government Exam Morning Crash Session www.misterfitz.net 5-11-13

What you are up against…

Some tips… Multiple Choice: Read each question carefully. Don’t fall for the distractors Bubble as you go! FRQS: Define, Identify and Explain Give examples even if not asked No intro, thesis or conclusion If it asks you to choose TWO of the following, choose ALL THREE for insurance Demarcate your FRQs (A, B, C and so forth) this makes the reader happy Answer the questions in the order you know them

The “Big XII” Constitution Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Interest Groups and Policy-making Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Bureaucracy Federalism Congress Public Opinion & Political Participation The “Big XII” Judiciary Political Parties Presidency Campaigns and Elections Media

Question #1 Congress and the Bureaucracy

Congress, Political Participation and Civil Rights Question #2 Congress, Political Participation and Civil Rights

Question #3 Judicial, legislative and executive branches

Question #4 Elections, media, interest groups

Locke and natural rights Shays “Miracle at Philadelphia” I. Constitution (5-15%) Locke and natural rights Shays “Miracle at Philadelphia” Factions and Federalist 10 Madisonian Model Tyranny of the majority Great compromise Ratification debates Necessary and Proper clause (“elastic”) Commerce Clause 10th Amendment Theories of democratic gov’t: Pluralism Hyper pluralism Elite theory

II. Federalism (5-15%) Dual federalism Fiscal federalism Supremacy clause Block grants Categorical grants Grants-in-aid Gibbons v. Ogden (1823) U.S. v. Lopez (1995) Mandates ADA (1990) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Devolution (New federalism) Welfare Reform Act (1996) “Laboratories of Democracy” Inequality?

III. Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (5-15%) 14th Amendment Equal protection clause Due process clause Incorporation Doctrine (Selective) Free exercise vs. establishment clause MUST KNOW Civil Lib cases: Schenck v. U.S. (1919) Gitlow v. New York (1925) Near v. Minnesota (1935) Miller v. California (1973) Texas v. Johnson (1989) New York Times v. U.S. (1971) Engel v. Vitale (1962) Lemon v. Kurzman (1971) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Roe v. Wade (1973)

“2nd Tier Cases” LESS likely to appear Oregon v. Smith (1990) Reynolds v. U.S. (1878) Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) Gregg v. Georgia (1976) New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

III. Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (5-15%) 14th Amendment Discrimination- Strict scrutiny Intermediate scrutiny Rational basis Key Civil Rights Cases Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) Brown v. Board (1954) Baker v. Carr (1963) Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) Craig v. Boren (1976) UC Davis v. Bakke (1979)

IV. Public Opinion & Political Participation 5-15% Political socialization Role of family Role of Education Political efficacy Equality of opportunity vs. results Mistrust of government Polls and Random Digit Dialing (RDD) Reapportionment Sunbelt Forms of political participation Unconventional forms of participation (think time energy and knowledge)

IV. Public Opinion & Political Participation (5-15%) Who votes and for whom? Blacks? Hispanics? Jews? Catholics? Evangelicals Progressives? Conservatives?

IV. Public Opinion & Political Participation (5-15%) Geographically… Rural? Urban? Northeast? Rustbelt? Sunbelt? South?

IV. Public Opinion & Political Participation 5-15% Suffrage Amendments 15th, 17th,19th, 24th, 26th Open vs. Closed primaries Blanket primaries Voter fatigue Straight ticket voting Motor Voter Law (1993)

V. Political Parties (5-15%) Linkage institutions Party-in-the-electorate Party-in-government Party as an organization Party realignment Critical elections 1828, 1860, 1896, 1932, 1968 Gerrymandering Role of third parties

US THEM (Europe) Promotes stability Nearly impossible for 3rd parties to break-in

VI. Campaigns and Elections (5-15%)

VI. Campaigns and Elections (5-15%) Primary vs. general elections “Money, momentum and media” “Die-hard Diane” vs. “Donnie Don’t-Care” Caucus Direct primaries Role of the convention Gender gap VS.

PRIMARY VOTERS

GENERAL ELECTION VOTERS

VI. Campaigns and Elections (5-15%) Super Tuesday Frontloading McGovern-Fraser Commission Superdelegates PACS FECA (1974) FEC Matching funds BCRA (2002) Hard $ Soft $ 527 groups Buckley v. Valeo (1976) Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Paid media vs. free media Broadcasting vs. narrowcasting VII. Media (5-15%) Functions: Gatekeeper Watchdog Scorekeeper Trial balloons Scripted events Paid media vs. free media Broadcasting vs. narrowcasting Selective attention Horse-race journalism Agenda-setting Soundbites Role of Vietnam and Watergate

Guardian of the Economy VIII. Presidency (20-30%) Seven Roles- Chief of State Chief Executive Commander-in Chief Chief Diplomat Chief Legislator Chief of the Party Guardian of the Economy 22nd and 25th Amendments War Powers Resolution (1973) 24 hour notification 60/90 day to remove troops Vetoes- Regular veto Pocket-veto Line-item Role of the Cabinet Executive privilege Executive orders Executive agreements

VIII. Presidency (20-30%) Office of the VP Bully Pulpit Agenda-setter “Balancing the Ticket” Bully Pulpit Agenda-setter Role of divided government Pardons and reprieves National Security Council (1947) OMB

IX. Judiciary (20-30%) Fed. 78 and the role of the Judiciary Judicial activism vs. judicial restraint Original intent Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judicial review Collegial court concept Warren Court (1954-1969) Dual court system Trial courts Original jurisdiction Appellate jurisdiction District courts Circuit Courts of Appeal Justiciable disputes Standing to sue Class action lawsuits “Rule of Four” Majority opinion Concurring opinion Dissenting opinion Solicitor General “10th Justice” Political questions

IX. Judiciary (20-30%) Statutory construction Judicial implementation Precedent Senatorial courtesy Appointment process “Litmus test” Vetting process Amicus curiae briefs Stare decisis Writ of certiorari

X. Congress (20-30%)…Hope you’re sitting down Coffee pot (House) vs. the Saucer (Senate) Bicameralism Enumerated powers Know your checks and balances Legislative process Legislative oversight Implied powers (Necessary and Proper Clause) Commerce clause Reapportionment Gerrymandering CBO GAO Models of representation- Delegate Trustee Politico

Legislative Process (what the ?...) Return SENATE HOUSE

X. Congress (20-30%)…Hope you’re sitting down Incumbency advantage Name recognition Casework Party ID Franking privilege Access to $$$ Political “pork” Position-taking Weak opponents Safe seats Open seats Credit claiming Speaker of the House Pres. Pro Tempore (Senate) Majority Leader (Senate) Minority Leader (H/S)

X. Congress (20-30%)…Hope you’re sitting down Whips Caucuses Logrolling Filibuster (Senate only) Holds (Senate only) Cloture (Senate only) Discharge petition (House only) “Christmas Tree” bills Policy riders Gridlock Legislative veto Seniority system Standing committees Conference committees House Rules Ways and Means Senate Judiciary Foreign Relations

XI. Interest Groups & Policy-Making (5-15%) Interest groups vs. political parties Pluralism vs. hyperpluralism vs. elite theory Solidary benefits Material benefits Lobbying Electioneering “Going public” Litigation Class action lawsuits Free-rider problem Size of groups First Amendment protection

Iron Triangles vs. Issue Networks SELF-INTEREST

XI. Interest Groups & Policy-Making (5-15%) Policy-making process: Agenda-setting (who sets it?) 2. Policy formulation Implementation (Fed bureaucracy) 4. Evaluation

XI. Interest Groups & Policy-Making (5-15%) Monetary vs. Fiscal Policy Monetary (FED) Fiscal (President and Congress) Keynesianism vs. Supply-side The Budget Debt vs. deficit Entitlements Uncontrollable spending Discretionary spending Popularity of programs Role of the following in the budget process: President, OMB, Agencies, Cong. Committees, Interest Groups

XII. Bureaucracy (5-15%) Civil Service Pendleton Act Criticisms of the Bureaucracy? How Congress controls the Bureaucracy How the President controls the Bureaucracy How the Courts control the Bureaucracy Structure of the Bureaucracy Cabinet level agencies (15)…loyalty to the pres? Independent regulatory agencies Government corporations Independent Executive Agencies

Some final thoughts I will post the keys on my website tonight: www.misterfitz.net All review podcasts are up if you need to review a concept 7:30 Tuesday morning in the small gym- Don’t be Late! Good luck!

Return

Madisonian Model Return

Dual vs. Cooperative Federalism Return Dual vs. Cooperative Federalism

Incorporation Doctrine Return Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Road to the White House Iowa then New Hampshire

“Last Man Standing”

Now who starts to pay attention?

IA and NH are now insignificant

Consequences? Return

Campaign Finance Simplified Return “Big Tex” (private citizen) Hard $- Limits? Soft $- NO LIMITS! Soft $ Limits? Quimby for America (PAC)- Private citizens Americans for Quimby (527) Private citizens May contribute directly May NOT contribute directly or coordinate with (Must report to FEC) (Must report to FEC) (Does NOT have to report to FEC)