Age of Oil Spindletop Unit 10

In your journal, create a Visual Timeline (one that includes words and pictures) out of the following dates. You have 15 minutes. 1900 -Hurricane of 1900 in Galveston 1901- Discovery of Oil at Spindletop 1917-1918 World War I 1918-1931 Prohibition 1920-19th Amendment (Women’s Suffrage) 1800-1920 The Progressive Era

Oil Discovery at Spindletop in 1901 (Beaumont,Texas) Social Impact Improved the standard of living In your journal, answer the following question in a complete sentence. What do you think a standard of living is?

History of Spindletop January 10, 1901 was a day that people will never forget. It started out Beaumont a clear and cold day in ___________, Texas. Spindletop On _________ Hill, three men were working on an oil derrick. They put a new bit on the drill and lowered it back into the 1,020 foot hole they had been drilling for months. Suddenly, they heard a hissing sound. Then they had to run for cover because mud shot out of the hole, along with four tons of drilling pipe. After everything got quiet, they returned to the oil derrick to clean up the mess. oil Next, the earth began to shake as ______ erupted out of the ground. The roar of the geyser of oil was deafening. The oil shot 100 feet above the derrick and 3,000 gallons of oil spewed into the air every minute. People, homes and animals were covered in oil. This was the boom that shook the world!

Production 1901 From January 10,________, (the year Spindletop was discovered) through September 30, 2000, Spindletop produced 155,700,000 barrels of oil. A barrel of crude oil amounts to 42 gallons, so 6,539,400,000 gallons have been produced. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRKj4SWa6EI&feature=player_detailpage

Where Does Oil Come From??? petroleum Crude oil - also called ______________is found trapped in some of the sedimentary rocks (formed by water, wind or ice) of the Earth's crust. Millions of years ago huge numbers of microscopic animals and plants died and fell to the bottom of the sea. Their remains were covered by mud. rock As the mud sediment was buried by more sediment, it started to change into ______ as the temperature and pressure increased. The plant and animal remains were "cooked" by this process and slowly changed into crude oil. When the rocks are solid (cap rock), the oil gets trapped deep underground. Oil will tend to be trapped where rocks are domed upwards. drill Oil companies can ________ down through the rocks to get it out and then turn it into products we can use. millions Crude oil takes _________ of years to form and we are using it up more quickly than it forms. resource This is why we call crude oil a non-renewable ______________. 50 Present estimates are that our supplies of crude oil will run out in about _____ years time unless we use it more efficiently.

Oil Discovery at Spindletop Political Impact Involvement of the Texas Railroad Commission – set limits to regulate and control oil prices

Oil Discovery at Spindletop Economic Impact Growth of cities and rise of boomtowns Increased jobs and oil-related services Development of other parts of the state Growth of the automobile industry

Note how Oil and Natural Gas is found in many areas of Texas

Boom and Bust Cycles Agriculture was the leading industry Expansion of urban areas created demand of agricultural products The value of agricultural products increased Farmers increase production by using new machines Prices dropped because too many agricultural products flooded the market

In your journal, create a graphic organizer displaying this cycle for Oil using the previous slide

Effects of the Galveston Hurricane 6,000-8,000 died Major industries in Galveston moved inland to Houston City of Galveston built a seawall and increased the elevation of the city http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/e nvironment/environment-natural- disasters/hurricanes/us-galveston1900-vin/

Reform movements in texas during the 19th-20th century

Populist Movement Populism- Nationwide movement of rural citizens who did not benefit from the modern lifestyle made by the growth of industry Goal – Wanted the government of the people to protect the interests of common workers Farmer’s Alliance – (farmers, ranchers, and workers) spread throughout South Texas forming their own party in 1892

Populist movement continued Demanded government regulation of businesses: public ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph lines Called for labor reform and the direct election of U.S. Senators (17th Amendment 1913)

Progressive movement Legislative reforms were passed in the areas of labor, child labor, education, prisons, banking and public safety. These reforms included protecting Texans. Most reforms ignored minorities

Women’s suffrage 19th amendment gave women the right to vote in the United States The Texas Equal Suffrage Association supported and campaigned for the passage of the amendment http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=pla yer_embedded&v=SwxOubx_VUs

Agrarian Groups Grange The Grange or Patrons of Husbandry organized in Texas in 1873. Offered cooperation in business, happier home lives, more social contacts, and better educational opportunities.

Labor Unions Texas Farmers Union 1902- A small newspaper editor organized this Union after the failure of the Populist Party They were active in agricultural and rural public policies.

Civil Rights Movement Grew out of the Temperance (prohibition of alcohol) movement. 1929 – League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) was formed in Corpus Christi to protect the rights of Spanish Speaking people. August 18, 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in the United States 1920’s – Jane McCallum was a member of the “Petticoat Lobby” which worked for education, prison reform, prohibition, mother and child health, literacy, and the elimination of child labor. Do you feel that we still need to reform some things in Texas? Answer this in your journal in a complete sentence.

World War I Political Impact Approximately 200,000 Texans fought Edward M. House was the closest advisor to President Wilson Four major military camps were set up in Texas: Camp Bowie in Fort Worth, Camp Travis in San Antonio, Camp Logan in Houston, and Camp MacArthur in Waco

World War I Economic Impact Raised money buying Liberty Bonds Women joined the workforce Some foods were rationed How do you think women joining the workforce effected society in Texas?

World War I Social Impact Approximately 5000 Texans gave their lives Approximately 500 women from Texas served as nurses

James Hogg Helped start the Texas Railroad Commission Texas Railroad Commission regulated oil prices First native born Texan to become Governor Noted advocate of law enforcement and a crusader against crime

Key Leaders in Science and Technology Howard Hughes Sr. Developed a new type of drill bit called the rotary drill bit. The bit made it possible to drill through very hard rock to reach oil deep underground. (1909 patent) The drill bit revolutionized the oil industry which is one of the largest industries in Texas

Technological Advances Directional drilling – is the practice of drilling non-vertical wells. Allows drilling to occur in different land forms Deep Sea Drilling – Drilling that can occur in the depths of the ocean. New oil reserves have been found and the industry has flourished.